Merge pull request 'grafana-dashboards-permissions' (#36) from grafana-dashboards-permissions into master

Reviewed-on: #36

CLAUDE.md

@@ -39,6 +39,30 @@ Do not automatically deploy changes. Deployments are usually done by updating th
 
 Do not run SSH commands directly. If a command needs to be run on a remote host, provide the command to the user and ask them to run it manually.
 
+### Sharing Command Output via Loki
+
+All hosts have the `pipe-to-loki` script for sending command output or terminal sessions to Loki, allowing users to share output with Claude without copy-pasting.
+
+**Pipe mode** - send command output:
+```bash
+command | pipe-to-loki                  # Auto-generated ID
+command | pipe-to-loki --id my-test     # Custom ID
+```
+
+**Session mode** - record interactive terminal session:
+```bash
+pipe-to-loki --record                   # Start recording, exit to send
+pipe-to-loki --record --id my-session   # With custom ID
+```
+
+The script prints the session ID which the user can share. Query results with:
+```logql
+{job="pipe-to-loki"}                           # All entries
+{job="pipe-to-loki", id="my-test"}             # Specific ID
+{job="pipe-to-loki", host="testvm01"}          # From specific host
+{job="pipe-to-loki", type="session"}           # Only sessions
+```
+
 ### Testing Feature Branches on Hosts
 
 All hosts have the `nixos-rebuild-test` helper script for testing feature branches before merging:

docs/plans/auth-system-replacement.md

@@ -151,11 +151,30 @@ Rationale:
 - Well above NixOS system users (typically <1000)
 - Avoids Podman/container issues with very high GIDs
 
+### Completed (2026-02-08) - OAuth2/OIDC for Grafana
+
+**OAuth2 client deployed for Grafana on monitoring02:**
+- Client ID: `grafana`
+- Redirect URL: `https://grafana-test.home.2rjus.net/login/generic_oauth`
+- Scope maps: `openid`, `profile`, `email`, `groups` for `users` group
+- Role mapping: `admins` group → Grafana Admin, others → Viewer
+
+**Configuration locations:**
+- Kanidm OAuth2 client: `services/kanidm/default.nix`
+- Grafana OIDC config: `services/grafana/default.nix`
+- Vault secret: `services/grafana/oauth2-client-secret`
+
+**Key findings:**
+- PKCE is required by Kanidm - enable `use_pkce = true` in Grafana
+- Must set `email_attribute_path`, `login_attribute_path`, `name_attribute_path` to extract from userinfo
+- Users need: primary credential (password + TOTP for MFA), membership in `users` group, email address set
+- Unix password is separate from primary credential (web login requires primary credential)
+
 ### Next Steps
 
 1. Enable PAM/NSS on production hosts (after test tier validation)
 2. Configure TrueNAS LDAP client for NAS integration testing
-3. Add OAuth2 clients (Grafana first)
+3. Add OAuth2 clients for other services as needed
 
 ## References
 

docs/plans/monitoring-migration-victoriametrics.md

@@ -169,9 +169,30 @@ Once ready to cut over:
    - Destroy VM in Proxmox
    - Remove from terraform state
 
+## Current Progress
+
+### monitoring02 Host Created (2026-02-08)
+
+Host deployed at 10.69.13.24 (test tier) with:
+- 4 CPU cores, 8GB RAM, 60GB disk
+- Vault integration enabled
+- NATS-based remote deployment enabled
+
+### Grafana with Kanidm OIDC (2026-02-08)
+
+Grafana deployed on monitoring02 as a test instance (`grafana-test.home.2rjus.net`):
+- Kanidm OIDC authentication (PKCE enabled)
+- Role mapping: `admins` → Admin, others → Viewer
+- Declarative datasources pointing to monitoring01 (Prometheus, Loki)
+- Local Caddy for TLS termination via internal ACME CA
+
+This validates the Grafana + OIDC pattern before the full VictoriaMetrics migration. The existing
+`services/monitoring/grafana.nix` on monitoring01 can be replaced with the new `services/grafana/`
+module once monitoring02 becomes the primary monitoring host.
+
 ## Open Questions
 
-- [ ] What disk size for monitoring02? 100GB should allow 3+ months with VictoriaMetrics compression
+- [ ] What disk size for monitoring02? Current 60GB may need expansion for 3+ months with VictoriaMetrics
 - [ ] Which dashboards to recreate declaratively? (Review monitoring01 Grafana for current set)
 
 ## VictoriaMetrics Service Configuration

docs/plans/openbao-kanidm-oidc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# OpenBao + Kanidm OIDC Integration
+
+## Overview
+
+Enable Kanidm users to authenticate to OpenBao (Vault) using OIDC, allowing access to secrets based on Kanidm group membership.
+
+## Current State
+
+**Kanidm:**
+- Server: `auth.home.2rjus.net` (kanidm01)
+- Domain: `home.2rjus.net`
+- Groups: `admins`, `users`, `ssh-users`
+- No OIDC clients configured yet
+
+**OpenBao:**
+- Server: `vault.home.2rjus.net` (vault01)
+- Auth: AppRole only (machine-to-machine)
+- No human user authentication configured
+
+## OpenBao OIDC Auth Method
+
+OpenBao includes the JWT/OIDC auth method in the open-source version (unlike Vault Enterprise which gates some auth features). Key points:
+
+- Enable with: `bao auth enable oidc`
+- Supports browser-based OIDC login flow
+- Maps OIDC claims/groups to OpenBao policies
+- Works with both CLI (`bao login`) and Web UI
+
+### Required Configuration
+
+```bash
+bao write auth/oidc/config \
+  oidc_discovery_url="https://auth.home.2rjus.net/oauth2/openid/<client_id>" \
+  oidc_client_id="<client_id>" \
+  oidc_client_secret="<client_secret>" \
+  default_role="default"
+```
+
+### Callback URIs
+
+OpenBao requires specific callback URIs registered in Kanidm:
+
+- **CLI:** `http://localhost:8250/oidc/callback`
+- **Web UI:** `https://vault.home.2rjus.net:8200/ui/vault/auth/oidc/oidc/callback`
+
+## Kanidm OAuth2 Configuration
+
+Kanidm supports declarative OAuth2 client provisioning via NixOS:
+
+```nix
+services.kanidm.provision.systems.oauth2.openbao = {
+  displayName = "OpenBao Secrets";
+  # originUrl - where the client lives
+  # originLanding - where to redirect after auth
+  # basicSecretFile - client secret
+  # scopeMaps - which scopes groups can request
+  # claimMaps - custom claims based on group membership
+};
+```
+
+The `basicSecretFile` should contain the client secret, fetched from Vault.
+
+## Implementation Approach
+
+### 1. Create OAuth2 Client in Kanidm
+
+Add to `services/kanidm/default.nix`:
+- OAuth2 client `openbao` with callback URIs
+- Scope maps for `admins` and `users` groups
+- Claim maps to expose group membership
+
+### 2. Enable OIDC Auth in OpenBao
+
+Options:
+- **Terraform:** Add `vault_jwt_auth_backend` resource in `terraform/vault/`
+- **NixOS:** Configure in vault01 host config
+
+Terraform is probably cleaner since we already manage OpenBao config there.
+
+### 3. Create OpenBao Roles
+
+Map Kanidm groups to policies:
+
+| Kanidm Group | OpenBao Role | Policy |
+|--------------|--------------|--------|
+| `admins` | `admin` | Full read access to secrets |
+| `users` | `user` | Limited read access |
+
+### 4. Chicken-and-Egg Problem
+
+The OAuth2 client secret needs to be stored in OpenBao, but OpenBao needs the secret to configure OIDC auth. Solutions:
+
+1. **Bootstrap manually:** Create initial secret via `bao` CLI
+2. **Two-phase Terraform:** First create the secret, then configure OIDC
+3. **Static secret:** Use a static secret for the OAuth2 client (less ideal)
+
+## Open Questions
+
+1. **Web UI access:** Do we want users logging into the OpenBao web UI, or just CLI?
+2. **Policy granularity:** What secrets should `admins` vs `users` access?
+3. **Token TTL:** How long should OIDC-issued tokens last?
+
+## References
+
+- [OpenBao JWT/OIDC Auth Method](https://openbao.org/docs/auth/jwt/)
+- [OpenBao OIDC Provider Configuration](https://openbao.org/docs/auth/jwt/oidc-providers/)
+- [Kanidm OAuth2 Documentation](https://kanidm.github.io/kanidm/stable/integrations/oauth2.html)
+- [NixOS Kanidm OAuth2 Options](https://search.nixos.org/options?query=services.kanidm.provision.systems.oauth2)

docs/user-management.md

@@ -43,11 +43,21 @@ kanidm person posix set-password <username>
 kanidm person posix set <username> --shell /bin/zsh
 ```
 
+### Setting Email Address
+
+Email is required for OAuth2/OIDC login (e.g., Grafana):
+
+```bash
+kanidm person update <username> --mail <email>
+```
+
 ### Example: Full User Creation
 
 ```bash
 kanidm person create testuser "Test User"
+kanidm person update testuser --mail testuser@home.2rjus.net
 kanidm group add-members ssh-users testuser
+kanidm group add-members users testuser  # Required for OAuth2 scopes
 kanidm person posix set testuser
 kanidm person posix set-password testuser
 kanidm person get testuser
@@ -129,6 +139,40 @@ Kanidm auto-assigns UIDs/GIDs from its configured range. For manually assigned G
 | 65,536+ | Users (auto-assigned) |
 | 68,000 - 68,999 | Groups (manually assigned) |
 
+## OAuth2/OIDC Login (Web Services)
+
+For OAuth2/OIDC login to web services like Grafana, users need:
+
+1. **Primary credential** - Password set via `credential update` (separate from unix password)
+2. **MFA** - TOTP or passkey (Kanidm requires MFA for primary credentials)
+3. **Group membership** - Member of `users` group (for OAuth2 scope mapping)
+4. **Email address** - Set via `person update --mail`
+
+### Setting Up Primary Credential (Web Login)
+
+The primary credential is different from the unix/POSIX password:
+
+```bash
+# Interactive credential setup
+kanidm person credential update <username>
+
+# In the interactive prompt:
+# 1. Type 'password' to set a password
+# 2. Type 'totp' to add TOTP (scan QR with authenticator app)
+# 3. Type 'commit' to save
+```
+
+### Verifying OAuth2 Readiness
+
+```bash
+kanidm person get <username>
+```
+
+Check for:
+- `mail:` - Email address set
+- `memberof:` - Includes `users@home.2rjus.net`
+- Primary credential status (check via `credential update` → `status`)
+
 ## PAM/NSS Client Configuration
 
 Enable central authentication on a host:

flake.nix

@@ -191,6 +191,15 @@
             ./hosts/kanidm01
           ];
         };
+        monitoring02 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
+          inherit system;
+          specialArgs = {
+            inherit inputs self;
+          };
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
+            ./hosts/monitoring02
+          ];
+        };
       };
       packages = forAllSystems (
         { pkgs }:

hosts/monitoring02/configuration.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+
+{
+  imports = [
+    ../template2/hardware-configuration.nix
+
+    ../../system
+    ../../common/vm
+  ];
+
+  # Host metadata (adjust as needed)
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";  # Start in test tier, move to prod after validation
+  };
+
+  # DNS CNAME for Grafana test instance
+  homelab.dns.cnames = [ "grafana-test" ];
+
+  # Enable Vault integration
+  vault.enable = true;
+
+  # Enable remote deployment via NATS
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
+  nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
+
+  networking.hostName = "monitoring02";
+  networking.domain = "home.2rjus.net";
+  networking.useNetworkd = true;
+  networking.useDHCP = false;
+  services.resolved.enable = true;
+  networking.nameservers = [
+    "10.69.13.5"
+    "10.69.13.6"
+  ];
+
+  systemd.network.enable = true;
+  systemd.network.networks."ens18" = {
+    matchConfig.Name = "ens18";
+    address = [
+      "10.69.13.24/24"
+    ];
+    routes = [
+      { Gateway = "10.69.13.1"; }
+    ];
+    linkConfig.RequiredForOnline = "routable";
+  };
+  time.timeZone = "Europe/Oslo";
+
+  nix.settings.experimental-features = [
+    "nix-command"
+    "flakes"
+  ];
+  nix.settings.tarball-ttl = 0;
+  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
+    vim
+    wget
+    git
+  ];
+
+  # Open ports in the firewall.
+  # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
+  # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
+  # Or disable the firewall altogether.
+  networking.firewall.enable = false;
+
+  system.stateVersion = "25.11"; # Did you read the comment?
+}

hosts/monitoring02/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{ ... }: {
+  imports = [
+    ./configuration.nix
+    ../../services/grafana
+  ];
+}

lib/monitoring.nix

@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ let
       };
 
   # Build effective labels for a host
-  # Always includes hostname; only includes tier/priority/role if non-default
+  # Always includes hostname and tier; only includes priority/role if non-default
   buildEffectiveLabels = host:
-    { hostname = host.hostname; }
+    { hostname = host.hostname; tier = host.tier; }
-    // (lib.optionalAttrs (host.tier != "prod") { tier = host.tier; })
     // (lib.optionalAttrs (host.priority != "high") { priority = host.priority; })
     // (lib.optionalAttrs (host.role != null) { role = host.role; })
     // host.labels;

services/grafana/dashboards/logs.json

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+{
+  "uid": "logs-homelab",
+  "title": "Logs - Homelab",
+  "tags": ["loki", "logs", "homelab"],
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "version": 1,
+  "refresh": "30s",
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "name": "host",
+        "type": "query",
+        "datasource": {"type": "loki", "uid": "loki"},
+        "query": "label_values(host)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": false,
+        "current": {"text": "All", "value": "$__all"}
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "job",
+        "type": "query",
+        "datasource": {"type": "loki", "uid": "loki"},
+        "query": "label_values(job)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": false,
+        "current": {"text": "All", "value": "$__all"}
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "search",
+        "type": "textbox",
+        "current": {"text": "", "value": ""},
+        "label": "Search"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Log Volume",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "loki", "uid": "loki"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "sum by (host) (count_over_time({host=~\"$host\", job=~\"$job\"} |~ \"$search\" [1m]))",
+          "legendFormat": "{{host}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "short"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom"}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Logs",
+      "type": "logs",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 18, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 6},
+      "datasource": {"type": "loki", "uid": "loki"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "{host=~\"$host\", job=~\"$job\"} |~ \"$search\"",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "options": {
+        "showTime": true,
+        "showLabels": true,
+        "showCommonLabels": false,
+        "wrapLogMessage": true,
+        "prettifyLogMessage": false,
+        "enableLogDetails": true,
+        "sortOrder": "Descending"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

services/grafana/dashboards/nixos-fleet.json

@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+{
+  "uid": "nixos-fleet-homelab",
+  "title": "NixOS Fleet - Homelab",
+  "tags": ["nixos", "fleet", "homelab"],
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "version": 1,
+  "refresh": "1m",
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-7d",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "name": "tier",
+        "type": "query",
+        "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+        "query": "label_values(nixos_flake_info, tier)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": false,
+        "current": {"text": "All", "value": "$__all"}
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Hosts Behind Remote",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 0, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(nixos_flake_revision_behind{tier=~\"$tier\"} == 1)",
+          "legendFormat": "Behind",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 1},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 5}
+            ]
+          },
+          "noValue": "0"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none",
+        "textMode": "auto"
+      },
+      "description": "Number of hosts where current revision differs from remote master"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Hosts Needing Reboot",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 6, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(nixos_config_mismatch{tier=~\"$tier\"} == 1)",
+          "legendFormat": "Need Reboot",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 1},
+              {"color": "orange", "value": 3},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 5}
+            ]
+          },
+          "noValue": "0"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      },
+      "description": "Hosts where booted generation differs from current (switched but not rebooted)"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Total Hosts",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 12, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(nixos_flake_info{tier=~\"$tier\"})",
+          "legendFormat": "Hosts",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "blue", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "Nixpkgs Age",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 16, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "max(nixos_flake_input_age_seconds{input=\"nixpkgs\", tier=~\"$tier\"})",
+          "legendFormat": "Nixpkgs",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "s",
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 604800},
+              {"color": "orange", "value": 1209600},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 2592000}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      },
+      "description": "Age of nixpkgs flake input (yellow >7d, orange >14d, red >30d)"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 5,
+      "title": "Hosts Up-to-date",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 20, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(nixos_flake_revision_behind{tier=~\"$tier\"} == 0)",
+          "legendFormat": "Up-to-date",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}]
+          },
+          "noValue": "0"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 6,
+      "title": "Fleet Status",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 10, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 4},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "nixos_flake_info{tier=~\"$tier\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "info"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "nixos_flake_revision_behind{tier=~\"$tier\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "behind"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "nixos_config_mismatch{tier=~\"$tier\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "mismatch"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "nixos_generation_age_seconds{tier=~\"$tier\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "age"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "nixos_generation_count{tier=~\"$tier\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "count"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Hostname"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 120}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Current Rev"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 90}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Remote Rev"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 90}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Behind"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 70},
+              {"id": "mappings", "value": [
+                {"type": "value", "options": {"0": {"text": "No", "color": "green"}}},
+                {"type": "value", "options": {"1": {"text": "Yes", "color": "red"}}}
+              ]},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "color-text"}}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Need Reboot"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 100},
+              {"id": "mappings", "value": [
+                {"type": "value", "options": {"0": {"text": "No", "color": "green"}}},
+                {"type": "value", "options": {"1": {"text": "Yes", "color": "orange"}}}
+              ]},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "color-text"}}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Config Age"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "s"},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 100}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Generations"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 100}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Tier"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 60}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Role"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 80}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Hostname", "desc": false}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "joinByField",
+          "options": {"byField": "hostname", "mode": "outer"}
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "Time 1": true,
+              "Time 2": true,
+              "Time 3": true,
+              "Time 4": true,
+              "Time 5": true,
+              "Value #info": true,
+              "__name__": true,
+              "__name__ 1": true,
+              "__name__ 2": true,
+              "__name__ 3": true,
+              "__name__ 4": true,
+              "__name__ 5": true,
+              "dns_role": true,
+              "dns_role 1": true,
+              "dns_role 2": true,
+              "dns_role 3": true,
+              "dns_role 4": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "instance 1": true,
+              "instance 2": true,
+              "instance 3": true,
+              "instance 4": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "job 1": true,
+              "job 2": true,
+              "job 3": true,
+              "job 4": true,
+              "nixos_version": true,
+              "nixpkgs_rev": true,
+              "role 1": true,
+              "role 2": true,
+              "role 3": true,
+              "role 4": true,
+              "tier 1": true,
+              "tier 2": true,
+              "tier 3": true,
+              "tier 4": true
+            },
+            "indexByName": {
+              "hostname": 0,
+              "tier": 1,
+              "role": 2,
+              "current_rev": 3,
+              "remote_rev": 4,
+              "Value #behind": 5,
+              "Value #mismatch": 6,
+              "Value #age": 7,
+              "Value #count": 8
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "hostname": "Hostname",
+              "tier": "Tier",
+              "role": "Role",
+              "current_rev": "Current Rev",
+              "remote_rev": "Remote Rev",
+              "Value #behind": "Behind",
+              "Value #mismatch": "Need Reboot",
+              "Value #age": "Config Age",
+              "Value #count": "Generations"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 7,
+      "title": "Generation Age by Host",
+      "type": "bargauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 14},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "sort_desc(nixos_generation_age_seconds{tier=~\"$tier\"})",
+          "legendFormat": "{{hostname}}",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "s",
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 86400},
+              {"color": "orange", "value": 259200},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 604800}
+            ]
+          },
+          "min": 0
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "displayMode": "gradient",
+        "showUnfilled": true
+      },
+      "description": "How long ago each host's current config was deployed (yellow >1d, orange >3d, red >7d)"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 8,
+      "title": "Generations per Host",
+      "type": "bargauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 14},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "sort_desc(nixos_generation_count{tier=~\"$tier\"})",
+          "legendFormat": "{{hostname}}",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "blue", "value": null},
+              {"color": "purple", "value": 50}
+            ]
+          },
+          "min": 0
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "displayMode": "gradient",
+        "showUnfilled": true
+      },
+      "description": "Total number of NixOS generations on each host"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 9,
+      "title": "Deployment Activity (Generation Age Over Time)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 22},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "nixos_generation_age_seconds{tier=~\"$tier\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{hostname}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "s",
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 0,
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "stacking": {"mode": "none"}
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom"
+        },
+        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
+      },
+      "description": "Generation age increases over time, drops to near-zero when deployed. Useful to see deployment patterns."
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 10,
+      "title": "Flake Input Ages",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 30},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "max by (input) (nixos_flake_input_age_seconds)",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "s"
+        },
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "input"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 150}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Value", "desc": true}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {"Time": true},
+            "renameByName": {
+              "input": "Flake Input",
+              "Value": "Age"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Age of each flake input across the fleet"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 11,
+      "title": "Hosts by Revision",
+      "type": "piechart",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 6, "x": 12, "y": 30},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count by (current_rev) (nixos_flake_info{tier=~\"$tier\"})",
+          "legendFormat": "{{current_rev}}",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {}
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "table", "placement": "right", "values": ["value"]},
+        "pieType": "pie"
+      },
+      "description": "Distribution of hosts by their current flake revision"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 12,
+      "title": "Hosts by Tier",
+      "type": "piechart",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 6, "x": 18, "y": 30},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count by (tier) (nixos_flake_info)",
+          "legendFormat": "{{tier}}",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {}
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "table", "placement": "right", "values": ["value"]},
+        "pieType": "pie"
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "^$",
+            "renamePattern": "prod"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Distribution of hosts by tier (test vs prod)"
+    }
+  ]
+}

services/grafana/dashboards/node-exporter.json

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+{
+  "uid": "node-exporter-homelab",
+  "title": "Node Exporter - Homelab",
+  "tags": ["node-exporter", "prometheus", "homelab"],
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "version": 1,
+  "refresh": "30s",
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "name": "instance",
+        "type": "query",
+        "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+        "query": "label_values(node_uname_info, instance)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "multi": false,
+        "current": {}
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "CPU Usage",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=\"idle\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[5m])) * 100)",
+          "legendFormat": "CPU %",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 70},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 90}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Memory Usage",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "(1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{instance=~\"$instance\"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance=~\"$instance\"})) * 100",
+          "legendFormat": "Memory %",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 70},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 90}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Disk Usage",
+      "type": "gauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 8, "x": 0, "y": 8},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{instance=~\"$instance\",mountpoint=\"/\",fstype!=\"rootfs\"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{instance=~\"$instance\",mountpoint=\"/\",fstype!=\"rootfs\"}) * 100)",
+          "legendFormat": "Root /",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 70},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 85}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "System Load",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 8, "x": 8, "y": 8},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "node_load1{instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "1m",
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "node_load5{instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "5m",
+          "refId": "B"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "node_load15{instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "15m",
+          "refId": "C"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "short"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 5,
+      "title": "Uptime",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 8, "x": 16, "y": 8},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "time() - node_boot_time_seconds{instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "Uptime",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "s"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 6,
+      "title": "Network Traffic",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 16},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{instance=~\"$instance\",device!~\"lo|veth.*|br.*|docker.*\"}[5m])",
+          "legendFormat": "Receive {{device}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "-rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{instance=~\"$instance\",device!~\"lo|veth.*|br.*|docker.*\"}[5m])",
+          "legendFormat": "Transmit {{device}}",
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "Bps"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 7,
+      "title": "Disk I/O",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 16},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "rate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{instance=~\"$instance\",device!~\"dm-.*\"}[5m])",
+          "legendFormat": "Read {{device}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "-rate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{instance=~\"$instance\",device!~\"dm-.*\"}[5m])",
+          "legendFormat": "Write {{device}}",
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "Bps"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

services/grafana/dashboards/proxmox.json

@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+{
+  "uid": "proxmox-homelab",
+  "title": "Proxmox - Homelab",
+  "tags": ["proxmox", "virtualization", "homelab"],
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "version": 1,
+  "refresh": "30s",
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-6h",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "name": "vm",
+        "type": "query",
+        "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+        "query": "label_values(pve_guest_info{template=\"0\"}, name)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": true,
+        "current": {"text": "All", "value": "$__all"}
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "VMs Running",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 0, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(pve_up{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\"} == 1)",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "VMs Stopped",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 4, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(pve_up{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\"} == 0)",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 1},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 3}
+            ]
+          },
+          "noValue": "0"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Node CPU",
+      "type": "gauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 8, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_cpu_usage_ratio{id=~\"node/.*\"} * 100",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 70},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 90}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "showThresholdLabels": false,
+        "showThresholdMarkers": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "Node Memory",
+      "type": "gauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 12, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_memory_usage_bytes{id=~\"node/.*\"} / pve_memory_size_bytes{id=~\"node/.*\"} * 100",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 70},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 90}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "showThresholdLabels": false,
+        "showThresholdMarkers": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 5,
+      "title": "Node Uptime",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 16, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_uptime_seconds{id=~\"node/.*\"}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "s",
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "blue", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 6,
+      "title": "Templates",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 20, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(pve_guest_info{template=\"1\"})",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "purple", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 7,
+      "title": "VM Status",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 10, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 4},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "info"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_up{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "status"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_cpu_usage_ratio{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"} * 100",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "cpu"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_memory_usage_bytes{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"} / on(id) pve_memory_size_bytes * 100",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "mem"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_uptime_seconds{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "uptime"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Name"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 150}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Status"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 80},
+              {"id": "mappings", "value": [
+                {"type": "value", "options": {"0": {"text": "Stopped", "color": "red"}}},
+                {"type": "value", "options": {"1": {"text": "Running", "color": "green"}}}
+              ]},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "color-text"}}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "CPU %"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "percent"},
+              {"id": "decimals", "value": 1},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 80},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "gauge", "mode": "basic"}},
+              {"id": "min", "value": 0},
+              {"id": "max", "value": 100},
+              {"id": "thresholds", "value": {"mode": "absolute", "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}, {"color": "yellow", "value": 50}, {"color": "red", "value": 80}]}}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Memory %"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "percent"},
+              {"id": "decimals", "value": 1},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 100},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "gauge", "mode": "basic"}},
+              {"id": "min", "value": 0},
+              {"id": "max", "value": 100},
+              {"id": "thresholds", "value": {"mode": "absolute", "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}, {"color": "yellow", "value": 70}, {"color": "red", "value": 90}]}}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Uptime"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "s"},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 100}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "ID"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 90}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Name", "desc": false}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "joinByField",
+          "options": {"byField": "name", "mode": "outer"}
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "Time 1": true,
+              "Time 2": true,
+              "Time 3": true,
+              "Time 4": true,
+              "Value #info": true,
+              "__name__": true,
+              "id 1": true,
+              "id 2": true,
+              "id 3": true,
+              "id 4": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "instance 1": true,
+              "instance 2": true,
+              "instance 3": true,
+              "instance 4": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "job 1": true,
+              "job 2": true,
+              "job 3": true,
+              "job 4": true,
+              "name 1": true,
+              "name 2": true,
+              "name 3": true,
+              "name 4": true,
+              "node": true,
+              "tags": true,
+              "template": true,
+              "type": true
+            },
+            "indexByName": {
+              "name": 0,
+              "id": 1,
+              "Value #status": 2,
+              "Value #cpu": 3,
+              "Value #mem": 4,
+              "Value #uptime": 5
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "name": "Name",
+              "id": "ID",
+              "Value #status": "Status",
+              "Value #cpu": "CPU %",
+              "Value #mem": "Memory %",
+              "Value #uptime": "Uptime"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 8,
+      "title": "VM CPU Usage",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 14},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_cpu_usage_ratio{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"} * 100",
+          "legendFormat": "{{name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "showPoints": "never"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom"},
+        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 9,
+      "title": "VM Memory Usage",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 14},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_memory_usage_bytes{id=~\"qemu/.*\"} * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "bytes",
+          "min": 0,
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "showPoints": "never"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom"},
+        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 10,
+      "title": "VM Network Traffic",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 22},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "rate(pve_network_receive_bytes{id=~\"qemu/.*\"}[5m]) * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{name}} RX",
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "-rate(pve_network_transmit_bytes{id=~\"qemu/.*\"}[5m]) * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{name}} TX",
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "Bps",
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "showPoints": "never"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom"},
+        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 11,
+      "title": "VM Disk I/O",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 22},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "rate(pve_disk_read_bytes{id=~\"qemu/.*\"}[5m]) * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{name}} Read",
+          "refId": "A"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "-rate(pve_disk_write_bytes{id=~\"qemu/.*\"}[5m]) * on(id) group_left(name) pve_guest_info{template=\"0\", name=~\"$vm\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{name}} Write",
+          "refId": "B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "Bps",
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "showPoints": "never"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom"},
+        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 12,
+      "title": "Storage Usage",
+      "type": "bargauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 30},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_disk_usage_bytes{id=~\"storage/.*\"} / pve_disk_size_bytes{id=~\"storage/.*\"} * 100",
+          "legendFormat": "{{id}}",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 70},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 85}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "displayMode": "gradient",
+        "showUnfilled": true
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "storage/pve1/(.*)",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 13,
+      "title": "Storage Capacity",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 30},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_disk_size_bytes{id=~\"storage/.*\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "size"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_disk_usage_bytes{id=~\"storage/.*\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "used"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "pve_disk_size_bytes{id=~\"storage/.*\"} - pve_disk_usage_bytes{id=~\"storage/.*\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "free"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "bytes"
+        },
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Storage"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "none"}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "joinByField",
+          "options": {"byField": "id", "mode": "outer"}
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "Time 1": true,
+              "Time 2": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "instance 1": true,
+              "instance 2": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "job 1": true,
+              "job 2": true
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "id": "Storage",
+              "Value #size": "Total",
+              "Value #used": "Used",
+              "Value #free": "Free"
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "storage/pve1/(.*)",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

services/grafana/dashboards/systemd.json

@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+{
+  "uid": "systemd-homelab",
+  "title": "Systemd Services - Homelab",
+  "tags": ["systemd", "services", "homelab"],
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "version": 1,
+  "refresh": "1m",
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-24h",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "name": "hostname",
+        "type": "query",
+        "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+        "query": "label_values(systemd_unit_state, hostname)",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": true,
+        "current": {"text": "All", "value": "$__all"}
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Failed Units",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 0, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(systemd_unit_state{state=\"failed\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"} == 1) or vector(0)",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 1}
+            ]
+          },
+          "noValue": "0"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Active Units",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 4, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(systemd_unit_state{state=\"active\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"} == 1)",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Hosts Monitored",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 8, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(count by (hostname) (systemd_unit_state{hostname=~\"$hostname\"}))",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "blue", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "Total Service Restarts",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 12, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "sum(systemd_service_restart_total{hostname=~\"$hostname\"})",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "green", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 10},
+              {"color": "orange", "value": 50}
+            ]
+          },
+          "noValue": "0"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 5,
+      "title": "Inactive Units",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 16, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(systemd_unit_state{state=\"inactive\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"} == 1)",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "purple", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 6,
+      "title": "Timers",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 4, "x": 20, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "count(systemd_timer_last_trigger_seconds{hostname=~\"$hostname\"})",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "blue", "value": null}]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 7,
+      "title": "Failed Units",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 4},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "systemd_unit_state{state=\"failed\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"} == 1",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Host"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 120}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Unit"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 300}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Host", "desc": false}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "Value": true,
+              "__name__": true,
+              "dns_role": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "role": true,
+              "state": true,
+              "tier": true,
+              "type": true
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "hostname": "Host",
+              "name": "Unit"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Units currently in failed state"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 8,
+      "title": "Service Restarts (Top 15)",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 4},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "topk(15, systemd_service_restart_total{hostname=~\"$hostname\"} > 0)",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Host"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 120}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Service"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 280}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Restarts"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 80}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Restarts", "desc": true}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "__name__": true,
+              "dns_role": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "role": true,
+              "tier": true
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "hostname": "Host",
+              "name": "Service",
+              "Value": "Restarts"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Services that have been restarted (since host boot)"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 9,
+      "title": "Active Units per Host",
+      "type": "bargauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 10},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "sort_desc(count by (hostname) (systemd_unit_state{state=\"active\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"} == 1))",
+          "legendFormat": "{{hostname}}",
+          "refId": "A",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}]
+          },
+          "min": 0
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]},
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "displayMode": "gradient",
+        "showUnfilled": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 10,
+      "title": "NixOS Upgrade Timers",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 10},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "systemd_timer_last_trigger_seconds{name=\"nixos-upgrade.timer\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "last"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "time() - systemd_timer_last_trigger_seconds{name=\"nixos-upgrade.timer\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "ago"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Host"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 130}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Last Trigger"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "dateTimeAsLocalNoDateIfToday"},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 180}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Time Ago"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "s"},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 120},
+              {"id": "thresholds", "value": {"mode": "absolute", "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}, {"color": "yellow", "value": 86400}, {"color": "red", "value": 172800}]}},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "color-text"}}
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Time Ago", "desc": true}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "joinByField",
+          "options": {"byField": "hostname", "mode": "outer"}
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "Time 1": true,
+              "__name__": true,
+              "__name__ 1": true,
+              "dns_role": true,
+              "dns_role 1": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "instance 1": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "job 1": true,
+              "name": true,
+              "name 1": true,
+              "role": true,
+              "role 1": true,
+              "tier": true,
+              "tier 1": true
+            },
+            "indexByName": {
+              "hostname": 0,
+              "Value #last": 1,
+              "Value #ago": 2
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "hostname": "Host",
+              "Value #last": "Last Trigger",
+              "Value #ago": "Time Ago"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "When nixos-upgrade.timer last ran on each host. Yellow >24h, Red >48h."
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 11,
+      "title": "Backup Timers",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 18},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "systemd_timer_last_trigger_seconds{name=~\"restic.*\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "last"
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "time() - systemd_timer_last_trigger_seconds{name=~\"restic.*\", hostname=~\"$hostname\"}",
+          "format": "table",
+          "instant": true,
+          "refId": "ago"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Host"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 120}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Timer"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 220}]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Last Trigger"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "dateTimeAsLocalNoDateIfToday"},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 180}
+            ]
+          },
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Time Ago"},
+            "properties": [
+              {"id": "unit", "value": "s"},
+              {"id": "custom.width", "value": 100},
+              {"id": "thresholds", "value": {"mode": "absolute", "steps": [{"color": "green", "value": null}, {"color": "yellow", "value": 86400}, {"color": "red", "value": 172800}]}},
+              {"id": "custom.cellOptions", "value": {"type": "color-text"}}
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Time Ago", "desc": true}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "joinByField",
+          "options": {"byField": "name", "mode": "outer"}
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "Time 1": true,
+              "__name__": true,
+              "__name__ 1": true,
+              "dns_role": true,
+              "dns_role 1": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "instance 1": true,
+              "job": true,
+              "job 1": true,
+              "role": true,
+              "role 1": true,
+              "tier": true,
+              "tier 1": true,
+              "hostname 1": true
+            },
+            "indexByName": {
+              "hostname": 0,
+              "name": 1,
+              "Value #last": 2,
+              "Value #ago": 3
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "hostname": "Host",
+              "name": "Timer",
+              "Value #last": "Last Trigger",
+              "Value #ago": "Time Ago"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Restic backup timers"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 12,
+      "title": "Service Restarts Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 18},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "sum by (hostname) (increase(systemd_service_restart_total{hostname=~\"$hostname\"}[1h]))",
+          "legendFormat": "{{hostname}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "short",
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 20,
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "stacking": {"mode": "normal"}
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {"displayMode": "list", "placement": "bottom"},
+        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
+      },
+      "description": "Service restart rate per hour"
+    }
+  ]
+}

services/grafana/dashboards/temperature.json

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+{
+  "uid": "temperature-homelab",
+  "title": "Temperature - Homelab",
+  "tags": ["home-assistant", "temperature", "homelab"],
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "version": 1,
+  "refresh": "1m",
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-30d",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "templating": {
+    "list": []
+  },
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Current Temperatures",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "celsius",
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "blue", "value": null},
+              {"color": "green", "value": 18},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 24},
+              {"color": "orange", "value": 27},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 30}
+            ]
+          },
+          "mappings": []
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"],
+          "fields": "",
+          "values": false
+        },
+        "orientation": "auto",
+        "textMode": "auto",
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "area",
+        "justifyMode": "auto"
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "Temp (.*) Temperature",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Average Home Temperature",
+      "type": "gauge",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 6, "x": 12, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "avg(hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature|.*server.*\"})",
+          "legendFormat": "Average",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "celsius",
+          "min": 15,
+          "max": 30,
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "blue", "value": null},
+              {"color": "green", "value": 18},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 24},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 28}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        },
+        "showThresholdLabels": false,
+        "showThresholdMarkers": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Current Humidity",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 6, "w": 6, "x": 18, "y": 0},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "hass_sensor_humidity_percent{entity!~\".*server.*\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "red", "value": null},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 30},
+              {"color": "green", "value": 40},
+              {"color": "yellow", "value": 60},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 70}
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        },
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "none"
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "Temp (.*) Humidity",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "Temperature History (30 Days)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 10, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 6},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature\"}",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "celsius",
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "pointSize": 5,
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": 3600000
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "calcs": ["mean", "min", "max"]
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
+        }
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "Temp (.*) Temperature",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "temp_server Temperature",
+            "renamePattern": "Server"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 5,
+      "title": "Temperature Trend (1h rate of change)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 16},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "deriv(hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature\"}[1h]) * 3600",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "celsius",
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 20,
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": 3600000
+          },
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {"color": "blue", "value": null},
+              {"color": "green", "value": -0.5},
+              {"color": "green", "value": 0.5},
+              {"color": "red", "value": 1}
+            ]
+          },
+          "displayName": "${__field.labels.friendly_name}"
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom"
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "mode": "multi"
+        }
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "Temp (.*) Temperature",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "temp_server Temperature",
+            "renamePattern": "Server"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Rate of temperature change per hour. Positive = warming, Negative = cooling."
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 6,
+      "title": "24h Min / Max / Avg",
+      "type": "table",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 16},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "min_over_time(hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature\"}[24h])",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "min",
+          "instant": true
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "max_over_time(hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature\"}[24h])",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "max",
+          "instant": true
+        },
+        {
+          "expr": "avg_over_time(hass_sensor_temperature_celsius{entity!~\".*device_temperature\"}[24h])",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "avg",
+          "instant": true
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "celsius",
+          "decimals": 1
+        },
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "Room"},
+            "properties": [{"id": "custom.width", "value": 150}]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [{"displayName": "Room", "desc": false}]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "joinByField",
+          "options": {
+            "byField": "friendly_name",
+            "mode": "outer"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "organize",
+          "options": {
+            "excludeByName": {
+              "Time": true,
+              "domain": true,
+              "entity": true,
+              "hostname": true,
+              "instance": true,
+              "job": true
+            },
+            "renameByName": {
+              "friendly_name": "Room",
+              "Value #min": "Min (24h)",
+              "Value #max": "Max (24h)",
+              "Value #avg": "Avg (24h)"
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "Temp (.*) Temperature",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 7,
+      "title": "Humidity History (30 Days)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 24},
+      "datasource": {"type": "prometheus", "uid": "prometheus"},
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "expr": "hass_sensor_humidity_percent",
+          "legendFormat": "{{friendly_name}}",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent",
+          "min": 0,
+          "max": 100,
+          "custom": {
+            "lineWidth": 1,
+            "fillOpacity": 10,
+            "showPoints": "never",
+            "spanNulls": 3600000
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "displayMode": "list",
+          "placement": "bottom",
+          "calcs": ["mean", "min", "max"]
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
+        }
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "Temp (.*) Humidity",
+            "renamePattern": "$1"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "renameByRegex",
+          "options": {
+            "regex": "temp_server Humidity",
+            "renamePattern": "Server"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

services/grafana/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+{ config, pkgs, ... }:
+{
+  services.grafana = {
+    enable = true;
+    settings = {
+      server = {
+        http_addr = "127.0.0.1";
+        http_port = 3000;
+        domain = "grafana-test.home.2rjus.net";
+        root_url = "https://grafana-test.home.2rjus.net/";
+      };
+
+      # Disable anonymous access
+      "auth.anonymous".enabled = false;
+
+      # OIDC authentication via Kanidm
+      "auth.generic_oauth" = {
+        enabled = true;
+        name = "Kanidm";
+        client_id = "grafana";
+        client_secret = "$__file{/run/secrets/grafana-oauth2}";
+        auth_url = "https://auth.home.2rjus.net/ui/oauth2";
+        token_url = "https://auth.home.2rjus.net/oauth2/token";
+        api_url = "https://auth.home.2rjus.net/oauth2/openid/grafana/userinfo";
+        scopes = "openid profile email groups";
+        use_pkce = true;  # Required by Kanidm, more secure
+        # Extract user attributes from userinfo response
+        email_attribute_path = "email";
+        login_attribute_path = "preferred_username";
+        name_attribute_path = "name";
+        # Map admins group to Admin role, everyone else to Editor (for Explore access)
+        role_attribute_path = "contains(groups[*], 'admins') && 'Admin' || 'Editor'";
+        allow_sign_up = true;
+      };
+    };
+
+    # Declarative datasources pointing to monitoring01
+    provision.datasources.settings = {
+      apiVersion = 1;
+      datasources = [
+        {
+          name = "Prometheus";
+          type = "prometheus";
+          url = "http://monitoring01.home.2rjus.net:9090";
+          isDefault = true;
+          uid = "prometheus";
+        }
+        {
+          name = "Loki";
+          type = "loki";
+          url = "http://monitoring01.home.2rjus.net:3100";
+          uid = "loki";
+        }
+      ];
+    };
+
+    # Declarative dashboards
+    provision.dashboards.settings = {
+      apiVersion = 1;
+      providers = [
+        {
+          name = "homelab";
+          type = "file";
+          options.path = ./dashboards;
+          disableDeletion = true;
+        }
+      ];
+    };
+  };
+
+  # Vault secret for OAuth2 client secret
+  vault.secrets.grafana-oauth2 = {
+    secretPath = "services/grafana/oauth2-client-secret";
+    extractKey = "password";
+    services = [ "grafana" ];
+    owner = "grafana";
+    group = "grafana";
+  };
+
+  # Local Caddy for TLS termination
+  services.caddy = {
+    enable = true;
+    package = pkgs.unstable.caddy;
+    configFile = pkgs.writeText "Caddyfile" ''
+      {
+        acme_ca https://vault.home.2rjus.net:8200/v1/pki_int/acme/directory
+        metrics
+      }
+
+      grafana-test.home.2rjus.net {
+        log {
+          output file /var/log/caddy/grafana.log {
+            mode 644
+          }
+        }
+
+        reverse_proxy http://127.0.0.1:3000
+      }
+
+      http://${config.networking.hostName}.home.2rjus.net/metrics {
+        metrics
+      }
+    '';
+  };
+
+  # Expose Caddy metrics for Prometheus
+  homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [{
+    job_name = "caddy";
+    port = 80;
+  }];
+}

services/kanidm/default.nix

@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@
       };
 
       # Regular users (persons) are managed imperatively via kanidm CLI
+
+      # OAuth2/OIDC clients for service authentication
+      systems.oauth2.grafana = {
+        displayName = "Grafana";
+        originUrl = "https://grafana-test.home.2rjus.net/login/generic_oauth";
+        originLanding = "https://grafana-test.home.2rjus.net/";
+        basicSecretFile = config.vault.secrets.grafana-oauth2.outputDir;
+        preferShortUsername = true;
+        scopeMaps.users = [ "openid" "profile" "email" "groups" ];
+      };
     };
   };
 
@@ -53,6 +63,15 @@
     group = "kanidm";
   };
 
+  # Vault secret for Grafana OAuth2 client secret
+  vault.secrets.grafana-oauth2 = {
+    secretPath = "services/grafana/oauth2-client-secret";
+    extractKey = "password";
+    services = [ "kanidm" ];
+    owner = "kanidm";
+    group = "kanidm";
+  };
+
   # Note: Kanidm does not expose Prometheus metrics
   # If metrics support is added in the future, uncomment:
   # homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [

terraform/vault/approle.tf

@@ -89,6 +89,23 @@ locals {
       ]
     }
 
+    # kanidm01: Kanidm identity provider
+    "kanidm01" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/kanidm01/*",
+        "secret/data/kanidm/*",
+        "secret/data/services/grafana/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    # monitoring02: Grafana test instance
+    "monitoring02" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/monitoring02/*",
+        "secret/data/services/grafana/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
   }
 }
 

terraform/vault/hosts-generated.tf

@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ locals {
         "secret/data/kanidm/*",
       ]
     }
+    "monitoring02" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/monitoring02/*",
+      ]
+    }
   
   }
 

terraform/vault/secrets.tf

@@ -108,6 +108,12 @@ locals {
       auto_generate   = true
       password_length = 32
     }
+
+    # Grafana OAuth2 client secret (for Kanidm OIDC)
+    "services/grafana/oauth2-client-secret" = {
+      auto_generate   = true
+      password_length = 64
+    }
   }
 }
 

terraform/vms.tf

@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ locals {
       disk_size = "20G"
       vault_wrapped_token = "s.OOqjEECeIV7dNgCS6jNmyY3K"
     }
+    "monitoring02" = {
+      ip        = "10.69.13.24/24"
+      cpu_cores = 4
+      memory    = 4096
+      disk_size = "60G"
+      vault_wrapped_token = "s.uXpdoGxHXpWvTsGbHkZuq1jF"
+    }
   }
 
   # Compute VM configurations with defaults applied