vault: add homelab-deploy policy to generated hosts

The homelab-deploy listener requires access to shared/homelab-deploy/*
secrets. Update hosts-generated.tf and the generator script to include
this policy automatically.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.claude/skills/observability/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+---
+name: observability
+description: Reference guide for exploring Prometheus metrics and Loki logs when troubleshooting homelab issues. Use when investigating system state, deployments, service health, or searching logs.
+---
+
+# Observability Troubleshooting Guide
+
+Quick reference for exploring Prometheus metrics and Loki logs to troubleshoot homelab issues.
+
+## Available Tools
+
+Use the `lab-monitoring` MCP server tools:
+
+**Metrics:**
+- `search_metrics` - Find metrics by name substring
+- `get_metric_metadata` - Get type/help for a specific metric
+- `query` - Execute PromQL queries
+- `list_targets` - Check scrape target health
+- `list_alerts` / `get_alert` - View active alerts
+
+**Logs:**
+- `query_logs` - Execute LogQL queries against Loki
+- `list_labels` - List available log labels
+- `list_label_values` - List values for a specific label
+
+---
+
+## Logs Reference
+
+### Label Reference
+
+Available labels for log queries:
+- `host` - Hostname (e.g., `ns1`, `monitoring01`, `ha1`)
+- `systemd_unit` - Systemd unit name (e.g., `nsd.service`, `nixos-upgrade.service`)
+- `job` - Either `systemd-journal` (most logs) or `varlog` (file-based logs)
+- `filename` - For `varlog` job, the log file path
+- `hostname` - Alternative to `host` for some streams
+
+### Log Format
+
+Journal logs are JSON-formatted. Key fields:
+- `MESSAGE` - The actual log message
+- `PRIORITY` - Syslog priority (6=info, 4=warning, 3=error)
+- `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER` - Program name
+
+### Basic LogQL Queries
+
+**Logs from a specific service on a host:**
+```logql
+{host="ns1", systemd_unit="nsd.service"}
+```
+
+**All logs from a host:**
+```logql
+{host="monitoring01"}
+```
+
+**Logs from a service across all hosts:**
+```logql
+{systemd_unit="nixos-upgrade.service"}
+```
+
+**Substring matching (case-sensitive):**
+```logql
+{host="ha1"} |= "error"
+```
+
+**Exclude pattern:**
+```logql
+{host="ns1"} != "routine"
+```
+
+**Regex matching:**
+```logql
+{systemd_unit="prometheus.service"} |~ "scrape.*failed"
+```
+
+**File-based logs (caddy access logs, etc):**
+```logql
+{job="varlog", hostname="nix-cache01"}
+{job="varlog", filename="/var/log/caddy/nix-cache.log"}
+```
+
+### Time Ranges
+
+Default lookback is 1 hour. Use `start` parameter for older logs:
+- `start: "1h"` - Last hour (default)
+- `start: "24h"` - Last 24 hours
+- `start: "168h"` - Last 7 days
+
+### Common Services
+
+Useful systemd units for troubleshooting:
+- `nixos-upgrade.service` - Daily auto-upgrade logs
+- `nsd.service` - DNS server (ns1/ns2)
+- `prometheus.service` - Metrics collection
+- `loki.service` - Log aggregation
+- `caddy.service` - Reverse proxy
+- `home-assistant.service` - Home automation
+- `step-ca.service` - Internal CA
+- `openbao.service` - Secrets management
+- `sshd.service` - SSH daemon
+- `nix-gc.service` - Nix garbage collection
+
+### Extracting JSON Fields
+
+Parse JSON and filter on fields:
+```logql
+{systemd_unit="prometheus.service"} | json | PRIORITY="3"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Metrics Reference
+
+### Deployment & Version Status
+
+Check which NixOS revision hosts are running:
+
+```promql
+nixos_flake_info
+```
+
+Labels:
+- `current_rev` - Git commit of the running NixOS configuration
+- `remote_rev` - Latest commit on the remote repository
+- `nixpkgs_rev` - Nixpkgs revision used to build the system
+- `nixos_version` - Full NixOS version string (e.g., `25.11.20260203.e576e3c`)
+
+Check if hosts are behind on updates:
+
+```promql
+nixos_flake_revision_behind == 1
+```
+
+View flake input versions:
+
+```promql
+nixos_flake_input_info
+```
+
+Labels: `input` (name), `rev` (revision), `type` (git/github)
+
+Check flake input age:
+
+```promql
+nixos_flake_input_age_seconds / 86400
+```
+
+Returns age in days for each flake input.
+
+### System Health
+
+Basic host availability:
+
+```promql
+up{job="node-exporter"}
+```
+
+CPU usage by host:
+
+```promql
+100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)
+```
+
+Memory usage:
+
+```promql
+1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)
+```
+
+Disk space (root filesystem):
+
+```promql
+node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint="/"}
+```
+
+### Service-Specific Metrics
+
+Common job names:
+- `node-exporter` - System metrics (all hosts)
+- `nixos-exporter` - NixOS version/generation metrics
+- `caddy` - Reverse proxy metrics
+- `prometheus` / `loki` / `grafana` - Monitoring stack
+- `home-assistant` - Home automation
+- `step-ca` - Internal CA
+
+### Instance Label Format
+
+The `instance` label uses FQDN format:
+
+```
+<hostname>.home.2rjus.net:<port>
+```
+
+Example queries filtering by host:
+
+```promql
+up{instance=~"monitoring01.*"}
+node_load1{instance=~"ns1.*"}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting Workflows
+
+### Check Deployment Status Across Fleet
+
+1. Query `nixos_flake_info` to see all hosts' current revisions
+2. Check `nixos_flake_revision_behind` for hosts needing updates
+3. Look at upgrade logs: `{systemd_unit="nixos-upgrade.service"}` with `start: "24h"`
+
+### Investigate Service Issues
+
+1. Check `up{job="<service>"}` for scrape failures
+2. Use `list_targets` to see target health details
+3. Query service logs: `{host="<host>", systemd_unit="<service>.service"}`
+4. Search for errors: `{host="<host>"} |= "error"`
+5. Check `list_alerts` for related alerts
+
+### After Deploying Changes
+
+1. Verify `current_rev` updated in `nixos_flake_info`
+2. Confirm `nixos_flake_revision_behind == 0`
+3. Check service logs for startup issues
+4. Check service metrics are being scraped
+
+### Debug SSH/Access Issues
+
+```logql
+{host="<host>", systemd_unit="sshd.service"}
+```
+
+### Check Recent Upgrades
+
+```logql
+{systemd_unit="nixos-upgrade.service"}
+```
+
+With `start: "24h"` to see last 24 hours of upgrades across all hosts.
+
+---
+
+## Notes
+
+- Default scrape interval is 15s for most metrics targets
+- Default log lookback is 1h - use `start` parameter for older logs
+- Use `rate()` for counter metrics, direct queries for gauges
+- The `instance` label includes the port, use regex matching (`=~`) for hostname-only filters
+- Log `MESSAGE` field contains the actual log content in JSON format

.claude/skills/quick-plan/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+---
+name: quick-plan
+description: Create a planning document for a future homelab project. Use when the user wants to document ideas for future work without implementing immediately.
+argument-hint: [topic or feature to plan]
+---
+
+# Quick Plan Generator
+
+Create a planning document for a future homelab infrastructure project. Plans are for documenting ideas and approaches that will be implemented later, not immediately.
+
+## Input
+
+The user provides: $ARGUMENTS
+
+## Process
+
+1. **Understand the topic**: Research the codebase to understand:
+   - Current state of related systems
+   - Existing patterns and conventions
+   - Relevant NixOS options or packages
+   - Any constraints or dependencies
+
+2. **Evaluate options**: If there are multiple approaches, research and compare them with pros/cons.
+
+3. **Draft the plan**: Create a markdown document following the structure below.
+
+4. **Save the plan**: Write to `docs/plans/<topic-slug>.md` using a kebab-case filename derived from the topic.
+
+## Plan Structure
+
+Use these sections as appropriate (not all plans need every section):
+
+```markdown
+# Title
+
+## Overview/Goal
+Brief description of what this plan addresses and why.
+
+## Current State
+What exists today that's relevant to this plan.
+
+## Options Evaluated (if multiple approaches)
+For each option:
+- **Option Name**
+  - **Pros:** bullet points
+  - **Cons:** bullet points
+  - **Verdict:** brief assessment
+
+Or use a comparison table for structured evaluation.
+
+## Recommendation/Decision
+What approach is recommended and why. Include rationale.
+
+## Implementation Steps
+Numbered phases or steps. Be specific but not overly detailed.
+Can use sub-sections for major phases.
+
+## Open Questions
+Things still to be determined. Use checkbox format:
+- [ ] Question 1?
+- [ ] Question 2?
+
+## Notes (optional)
+Additional context, caveats, or references.
+```
+
+## Style Guidelines
+
+- **Concise**: Use bullet points, avoid verbose paragraphs
+- **Technical but accessible**: Include NixOS config snippets when relevant
+- **Future-oriented**: These are plans, not specifications
+- **Acknowledge uncertainty**: Use "Open Questions" for unresolved decisions
+- **Reference existing patterns**: Mention how this fits with existing infrastructure
+- **Tables for comparisons**: Use markdown tables when comparing options
+- **Practical focus**: Emphasize what needs to happen, not theory
+
+## Examples of Good Plans
+
+Reference these existing plans for style guidance:
+- `docs/plans/auth-system-replacement.md` - Good option evaluation with table
+- `docs/plans/truenas-migration.md` - Good decision documentation with rationale
+- `docs/plans/remote-access.md` - Good multi-option comparison
+- `docs/plans/prometheus-scrape-target-labels.md` - Good implementation detail level
+
+## After Creating the Plan
+
+1. Tell the user the plan was saved to `docs/plans/<filename>.md`
+2. Summarize the key points
+3. Ask if they want any adjustments before committing

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 .direnv/
 result
+result-*
 
 # Terraform/OpenTofu
 terraform/.terraform/

.mcp.json

@@ -19,8 +19,20 @@
       "args": ["run", "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/labmcp#lab-monitoring", "--", "serve", "--enable-silences"],
       "env": {
         "PROMETHEUS_URL": "https://prometheus.home.2rjus.net",
-        "ALERTMANAGER_URL": "https://alertmanager.home.2rjus.net"
+        "ALERTMANAGER_URL": "https://alertmanager.home.2rjus.net",
+        "LOKI_URL": "http://monitoring01.home.2rjus.net:3100"
       }
+    },
+    "homelab-deploy": {
+      "command": "nix",
+      "args": [
+        "run",
+        "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/homelab-deploy",
+        "--",
+        "mcp",
+        "--nats-url", "nats://nats1.home.2rjus.net:4222",
+        "--nkey-file", "/home/torjus/.config/homelab-deploy/test-deployer.nkey"
+      ]
     }
   }
 }

.sops.yaml

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ keys:
   - &server_nix-cache01 age1w029fksjv0edrff9p7s03tgk3axecdkppqymfpwfn2nu2gsqqefqc37sxq
   - &server_pgdb1 age1ha34qeksr4jeaecevqvv2afqem67eja2mvawlmrqsudch0e7fe7qtpsekv
   - &server_nats1 age1cxt8kwqzx35yuldazcc49q88qvgy9ajkz30xu0h37uw3ts97jagqgmn2ga
-  - &server_auth01 age16prza00sqzuhwwcyakj6z4hvwkruwkqpmmrsn94a5ucgpkelncdq2ldctk
 creation_rules:
   - path_regex: secrets/[^/]+\.(yaml|json|env|ini)
     key_groups:
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ creation_rules:
         - *server_nix-cache01
         - *server_pgdb1
         - *server_nats1
-        - *server_auth01
   - path_regex: secrets/ca/[^/]+\.(yaml|json|env|ini|)
     key_groups:
       - age:
@@ -52,8 +50,3 @@ creation_rules:
       - age:
         - *admin_torjus
         - *server_http-proxy
-  - path_regex: secrets/auth01/[^/]+\.(yaml|json|env|ini|)
-    key_groups:
-      - age:
-        - *admin_torjus
-        - *server_auth01

CLAUDE.md

@@ -35,6 +35,21 @@ nix build .#create-host
 
 Do not automatically deploy changes. Deployments are usually done by updating the master branch, and then triggering the auto update on the specific host.
 
+### Testing Feature Branches on Hosts
+
+All hosts have the `nixos-rebuild-test` helper script for testing feature branches before merging:
+
+```bash
+# On the target host, test a feature branch
+nixos-rebuild-test boot <branch-name>
+nixos-rebuild-test switch <branch-name>
+
+# Additional arguments are passed through to nixos-rebuild
+nixos-rebuild-test boot my-feature --show-trace
+```
+
+When working on a feature branch that requires testing on a live host, suggest using this command instead of the full flake URL syntax.
+
 ### Flake Management
 
 ```bash
@@ -52,12 +67,19 @@ nix develop
 
 ### Secrets Management
 
-Secrets are handled by sops. Do not edit any `.sops.yaml` or any file within `secrets/`. Ask the user to modify if necessary.
+Secrets are managed by OpenBao (Vault) using AppRole authentication. Most hosts use the
+`vault.secrets` option defined in `system/vault-secrets.nix` to fetch secrets at boot.
+Terraform manages the secrets and AppRole policies in `terraform/vault/`.
+
+Legacy sops-nix is still present but only actively used by the `ca` host. Do not edit any
+`.sops.yaml` or any file within `secrets/`. Ask the user to modify if necessary.
 
 ### Git Workflow
 
 **Important:** Never commit directly to `master` unless the user explicitly asks for it. Always create a feature branch for changes.
 
+**Important:** Never amend commits to `master` unless the user explicitly asks for it. Amending rewrites history and causes issues for deployed configurations.
+
 When starting a new plan or task, the first step should typically be to create and checkout a new branch with an appropriate name (e.g., `git checkout -b dns-automation` or `git checkout -b fix-nginx-config`).
 
 ### Plan Management
@@ -110,6 +132,113 @@ Two MCP servers are available for searching NixOS options and packages:
 
 This ensures documentation matches the exact nixpkgs version (currently NixOS 25.11) used by this flake.
 
+### Lab Monitoring Log Queries
+
+The **lab-monitoring** MCP server can query logs from Loki. All hosts ship systemd journal logs via Promtail.
+
+**Loki Label Reference:**
+
+- `host` - Hostname (e.g., `ns1`, `ns2`, `monitoring01`, `ha1`). Use this label, not `hostname`.
+- `systemd_unit` - Systemd unit name (e.g., `nsd.service`, `prometheus.service`, `nixos-upgrade.service`)
+- `job` - Either `systemd-journal` (most logs) or `varlog` (file-based logs like caddy access logs)
+- `filename` - For `varlog` job, the log file path (e.g., `/var/log/caddy/nix-cache.log`)
+
+Journal log entries are JSON-formatted with the actual log message in the `MESSAGE` field. Other useful fields include `PRIORITY` and `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER`.
+
+**Example LogQL queries:**
+```
+# Logs from a specific service on a host
+{host="ns2", systemd_unit="nsd.service"}
+
+# Substring match on log content
+{host="ns1", systemd_unit="nsd.service"} |= "error"
+
+# File-based logs (e.g., caddy access logs)
+{job="varlog", hostname="nix-cache01"}
+```
+
+Default lookback is 1 hour. Use the `start` parameter with relative durations (e.g., `24h`, `168h`) for older logs.
+
+### Lab Monitoring Prometheus Queries
+
+The **lab-monitoring** MCP server can query Prometheus metrics via PromQL. The `instance` label uses the FQDN format `<host>.home.2rjus.net:<port>`.
+
+**Prometheus Job Names:**
+
+- `node-exporter` - System metrics from all hosts (CPU, memory, disk, network)
+- `caddy` - Reverse proxy metrics (http-proxy)
+- `nix-cache_caddy` - Nix binary cache metrics
+- `home-assistant` - Home automation metrics
+- `jellyfin` - Media server metrics
+- `loki` / `prometheus` / `grafana` - Monitoring stack self-metrics
+- `step-ca` - Internal CA metrics
+- `pve-exporter` - Proxmox hypervisor metrics
+- `smartctl` - Disk SMART health (gunter)
+- `wireguard` - VPN metrics (http-proxy)
+- `pushgateway` - Push-based metrics (e.g., backup results)
+- `restic_rest` - Backup server metrics
+- `labmon` / `ghettoptt` / `alertmanager` - Other service metrics
+
+**Example PromQL queries:**
+```
+# Check all targets are up
+up
+
+# CPU usage for a specific host
+rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance=~"ns1.*", mode!="idle"}[5m])
+
+# Memory usage across all hosts
+node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes
+
+# Disk space
+node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/"}
+```
+
+### Deploying to Test Hosts
+
+The **homelab-deploy** MCP server enables remote deployments to test-tier hosts via NATS messaging.
+
+**Available Tools:**
+
+- `deploy` - Deploy NixOS configuration to test-tier hosts
+- `list_hosts` - List available deployment targets
+
+**Deploy Parameters:**
+
+- `hostname` - Target a specific host (e.g., `vaulttest01`)
+- `role` - Deploy to all hosts with a specific role (e.g., `vault`)
+- `all` - Deploy to all test-tier hosts
+- `action` - nixos-rebuild action: `switch` (default), `boot`, `test`, `dry-activate`
+- `branch` - Git branch or commit to deploy (default: `master`)
+
+**Examples:**
+
+```
+# List available hosts
+list_hosts()
+
+# Deploy to a specific host
+deploy(hostname="vaulttest01", action="switch")
+
+# Dry-run deployment
+deploy(hostname="vaulttest01", action="dry-activate")
+
+# Deploy to all hosts with a role
+deploy(role="vault", action="switch")
+```
+
+**Note:** Only test-tier hosts with `homelab.deploy.enable = true` and the listener service running will respond to deployments.
+
+**Verifying Deployments:**
+
+After deploying, use the `nixos_flake_info` metric from nixos-exporter to verify the host is running the expected revision:
+
+```promql
+nixos_flake_info{instance=~"vaulttest01.*"}
+```
+
+The `current_rev` label contains the git commit hash of the deployed flake configuration.
+
 ## Architecture
 
 ### Directory Structure
@@ -119,7 +248,7 @@ This ensures documentation matches the exact nixpkgs version (currently NixOS 25
   - `default.nix` - Entry point, imports configuration.nix and services
   - `configuration.nix` - Host-specific settings (networking, hardware, users)
 - `/system/` - Shared system-level configurations applied to ALL hosts
-  - Core modules: nix.nix, sshd.nix, sops.nix, acme.nix, autoupgrade.nix
+  - Core modules: nix.nix, sshd.nix, sops.nix (legacy), vault-secrets.nix, acme.nix, autoupgrade.nix
   - Monitoring: node-exporter and promtail on every host
 - `/modules/` - Custom NixOS modules
   - `homelab/` - Homelab-specific options (DNS automation, monitoring scrape targets)
@@ -131,13 +260,13 @@ This ensures documentation matches the exact nixpkgs version (currently NixOS 25
   - `monitoring/` - Observability stack (Prometheus, Grafana, Loki, Tempo)
   - `ns/` - DNS services (authoritative, resolver, zone generation)
   - `http-proxy/`, `ca/`, `postgres/`, `nats/`, `jellyfin/`, etc.
-- `/secrets/` - SOPS-encrypted secrets with age encryption
+- `/secrets/` - SOPS-encrypted secrets with age encryption (legacy, only used by ca)
 - `/common/` - Shared configurations (e.g., VM guest agent)
 - `/docs/` - Documentation and plans
   - `plans/` - Future plans and proposals
   - `plans/completed/` - Completed plans (moved here when done)
 - `/playbooks/` - Ansible playbooks for fleet management
-- `/.sops.yaml` - SOPS configuration with age keys for all servers
+- `/.sops.yaml` - SOPS configuration with age keys (legacy, only used by ca)
 
 ### Configuration Inheritance
 
@@ -153,7 +282,7 @@ hosts/<hostname>/default.nix
 All hosts automatically get:
 - Nix binary cache (nix-cache.home.2rjus.net)
 - SSH with root login enabled
-- SOPS secrets management with auto-generated age keys
+- OpenBao (Vault) secrets management via AppRole
 - Internal ACME CA integration (ca.home.2rjus.net)
 - Daily auto-upgrades with auto-reboot
 - Prometheus node-exporter + Promtail (logs to monitoring01)
@@ -173,7 +302,6 @@ Production servers managed by `rebuild-all.sh`:
 - `nix-cache01` - Binary cache server
 - `pgdb1` - PostgreSQL database
 - `nats1` - NATS messaging server
-- `auth01` - Authentication service
 
 Template/test hosts:
 - `template1` - Base template for cloning new hosts
@@ -182,7 +310,7 @@ Template/test hosts:
 
 - `nixpkgs` - NixOS 25.11 stable (primary)
 - `nixpkgs-unstable` - Unstable channel (available via overlay as `pkgs.unstable.<package>`)
-- `sops-nix` - Secrets management
+- `sops-nix` - Secrets management (legacy, only used by ca)
 - Custom packages from git.t-juice.club:
   - `alerttonotify` - Alert routing
   - `labmon` - Lab monitoring
@@ -198,12 +326,21 @@ Template/test hosts:
 
 ### Secrets Management
 
-- Uses SOPS with age encryption
-- Each server has unique age key in `.sops.yaml`
-- Keys auto-generated at `/var/lib/sops-nix/key.txt` on first boot
+Most hosts use OpenBao (Vault) for secrets:
+- Vault server at `vault01.home.2rjus.net:8200`
+- AppRole authentication with credentials at `/var/lib/vault/approle/`
+- Secrets defined in Terraform (`terraform/vault/secrets.tf`)
+- AppRole policies in Terraform (`terraform/vault/approle.tf`)
+- NixOS module: `system/vault-secrets.nix` with `vault.secrets.<name>` options
+- `extractKey` option extracts a single key from vault JSON as a plain file
+- Secrets fetched at boot by `vault-secret-<name>.service` systemd units
+- Fallback to cached secrets in `/var/lib/vault/cache/` when Vault is unreachable
+- Provision AppRole credentials: `nix develop -c ansible-playbook playbooks/provision-approle.yml -e hostname=<host>`
+
+Legacy SOPS (only used by `ca` host):
+- SOPS with age encryption, keys in `.sops.yaml`
 - Shared secrets: `/secrets/secrets.yaml`
 - Per-host secrets: `/secrets/<hostname>/`
-- All production servers can decrypt shared secrets; host-specific secrets require specific host keys
 
 ### Auto-Upgrade System
 
@@ -303,13 +440,15 @@ This means:
 3. Add host entry to `flake.nix` nixosConfigurations
 4. Configure networking in `configuration.nix` (static IP via `systemd.network.networks`, DNS servers)
 5. (Optional) Add `homelab.dns.cnames` if the host needs CNAME aliases
-6. User clones template host
-7. User runs `prepare-host.sh` on new host, this deletes files which should be regenerated, like ssh host keys, machine-id etc. It also creates a new age key, and prints the public key
-8. This key is then added to `.sops.yaml`
-9. Create `/secrets/<hostname>/` if needed
-10. Commit changes, and merge to master.
-11. Deploy by running `nixos-rebuild boot --flake URL#<hostname>` on the host.
-12. Run auto-upgrade on DNS servers (ns1, ns2) to pick up the new host's DNS entry
+6. Add `vault.enable = true;` to the host configuration
+7. Add AppRole policy in `terraform/vault/approle.tf` and any secrets in `secrets.tf`
+8. Run `tofu apply` in `terraform/vault/`
+9. User clones template host
+10. User runs `prepare-host.sh` on new host
+11. Provision AppRole credentials: `nix develop -c ansible-playbook playbooks/provision-approle.yml -e hostname=<host>`
+12. Commit changes, and merge to master.
+13. Deploy by running `nixos-rebuild boot --flake URL#<hostname>` on the host.
+14. Run auto-upgrade on DNS servers (ns1, ns2) to pick up the new host's DNS entry
 
 **Note:** DNS A records and Prometheus node-exporter scrape targets are auto-generated from the host's `systemd.network.networks` static IP configuration. No manual zone file or Prometheus config editing is required.
 
@@ -325,6 +464,8 @@ This means:
 
 **Firewall**: Disabled on most hosts (trusted network). Enable selectively in host configuration if needed.
 
+**Shell scripts**: Use `pkgs.writeShellApplication` instead of `pkgs.writeShellScript` or `pkgs.writeShellScriptBin` for creating shell scripts. `writeShellApplication` provides automatic shellcheck validation, sets strict bash options (`set -euo pipefail`), and allows declaring `runtimeInputs` for dependencies. When referencing the executable path (e.g., in `ExecStart`), use `lib.getExe myScript` to get the proper `bin/` path.
+
 ### Monitoring Stack
 
 All hosts ship metrics and logs to `monitoring01`:

README.md

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ NixOS Flake-based configuration repository for a homelab infrastructure. All hos
 | `nix-cache01` | Nix binary cache |
 | `pgdb1` | PostgreSQL |
 | `nats1` | NATS messaging |
-| `auth01` | Authentication (LLDAP + Authelia) |
 | `vault01` | OpenBao (Vault) secrets management |
 | `template1`, `template2` | VM templates for cloning new hosts |
 
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ system/                # Shared modules applied to ALL hosts
 services/              # Reusable service modules, selectively imported per host
 modules/               # Custom NixOS module definitions
 lib/                   # Nix library functions (DNS zone generation, etc.)
-secrets/               # SOPS-encrypted secrets (age encryption)
+secrets/               # SOPS-encrypted secrets (legacy, only used by ca)
 common/                # Shared configurations (e.g., VM guest agent)
 terraform/             # OpenTofu configs for Proxmox VM provisioning
 terraform/vault/       # OpenTofu configs for OpenBao (secrets, PKI, AppRoles)
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ scripts/               # Helper scripts (create-host, vault-fetch)
 
 **Automatic DNS zone generation** - A records are derived from each host's static IP configuration. CNAME aliases are defined via `homelab.dns.cnames`. No manual zone file editing required.
 
-**SOPS secrets management** - Each host has a unique age key. Shared secrets live in `secrets/secrets.yaml`, per-host secrets in `secrets/<hostname>/`.
+**OpenBao (Vault) secrets** - Hosts authenticate via AppRole and fetch secrets at boot. Secrets and policies are managed as code in `terraform/vault/`. Legacy SOPS remains only for the `ca` host.
 
 **Daily auto-upgrades** - All hosts pull from the master branch and automatically rebuild and reboot on a randomized schedule.
 

docs/plans/auth-system-replacement.md

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# Authentication System Replacement Plan
+
+## Overview
+
+Replace the current auth01 setup (LLDAP + Authelia) with a modern, unified authentication solution. The current setup is not in active use, making this a good time to evaluate alternatives.
+
+## Goals
+
+1. **Central user database** - Manage users across all homelab hosts from a single source
+2. **Linux PAM/NSS integration** - Users can SSH into hosts using central credentials
+3. **UID/GID consistency** - Proper POSIX attributes for NAS share permissions
+4. **OIDC provider** - Single sign-on for homelab web services (Grafana, etc.)
+
+## Options Evaluated
+
+### OpenLDAP (raw)
+
+- **NixOS Support:** Good (`services.openldap` with `declarativeContents`)
+- **Pros:** Most widely supported, very flexible
+- **Cons:** LDIF format is painful, schema management is complex, no built-in OIDC, requires SSSD on each client
+- **Verdict:** Doesn't address LDAP complexity concerns
+
+### LLDAP + Authelia (current)
+
+- **NixOS Support:** Both have good modules
+- **Pros:** Already configured, lightweight, nice web UIs
+- **Cons:** Two services to manage, limited POSIX attribute support in LLDAP, requires SSSD on every client host
+- **Verdict:** Workable but has friction for NAS/UID goals
+
+### FreeIPA
+
+- **NixOS Support:** None
+- **Pros:** Full enterprise solution (LDAP + Kerberos + DNS + CA)
+- **Cons:** Extremely heavy, wants to own DNS, designed for Red Hat ecosystems, massive overkill for homelab
+- **Verdict:** Overkill, no NixOS support
+
+### Keycloak
+
+- **NixOS Support:** None
+- **Pros:** Good OIDC/SAML, nice UI
+- **Cons:** Primarily an identity broker not a user directory, poor POSIX support, heavy (Java)
+- **Verdict:** Wrong tool for Linux user management
+
+### Authentik
+
+- **NixOS Support:** None (would need Docker)
+- **Pros:** All-in-one with LDAP outpost and OIDC, modern UI
+- **Cons:** Heavy stack (Python + PostgreSQL + Redis), LDAP is a separate component
+- **Verdict:** Would work but requires Docker and is heavy
+
+### Kanidm
+
+- **NixOS Support:** Excellent - first-class module with PAM/NSS integration
+- **Pros:**
+  - Native PAM/NSS module (no SSSD needed)
+  - Built-in OIDC provider
+  - Optional LDAP interface for legacy services
+  - Declarative provisioning via NixOS (users, groups, OAuth2 clients)
+  - Modern, written in Rust
+  - Single service handles everything
+- **Cons:** Newer project, smaller community than LDAP
+- **Verdict:** Best fit for requirements
+
+### Pocket-ID
+
+- **NixOS Support:** Unknown
+- **Pros:** Very lightweight, passkey-first
+- **Cons:** No LDAP, no PAM/NSS integration - purely OIDC for web apps
+- **Verdict:** Doesn't solve Linux user management goal
+
+## Recommendation: Kanidm
+
+Kanidm is the recommended solution for the following reasons:
+
+| Requirement | Kanidm Support |
+|-------------|----------------|
+| Central user database | Native |
+| Linux PAM/NSS (host login) | Native NixOS module |
+| UID/GID for NAS | POSIX attributes supported |
+| OIDC for services | Built-in |
+| Declarative config | Excellent NixOS provisioning |
+| Simplicity | Modern API, LDAP optional |
+| NixOS integration | First-class |
+
+### Key NixOS Features
+
+**Server configuration:**
+```nix
+services.kanidm.enableServer = true;
+services.kanidm.serverSettings = {
+  domain = "home.2rjus.net";
+  origin = "https://auth.home.2rjus.net";
+  ldapbindaddress = "0.0.0.0:636";  # Optional LDAP interface
+};
+```
+
+**Declarative user provisioning:**
+```nix
+services.kanidm.provision.enable = true;
+services.kanidm.provision.persons.torjus = {
+  displayName = "Torjus";
+  groups = [ "admins" "nas-users" ];
+};
+```
+
+**Declarative OAuth2 clients:**
+```nix
+services.kanidm.provision.systems.oauth2.grafana = {
+  displayName = "Grafana";
+  originUrl = "https://grafana.home.2rjus.net/login/generic_oauth";
+  originLanding = "https://grafana.home.2rjus.net";
+};
+```
+
+**Client host configuration (add to system/):**
+```nix
+services.kanidm.enableClient = true;
+services.kanidm.enablePam = true;
+services.kanidm.clientSettings.uri = "https://auth.home.2rjus.net";
+```
+
+## NAS Integration
+
+### Current: TrueNAS CORE (FreeBSD)
+
+TrueNAS CORE has a built-in LDAP client. Kanidm's read-only LDAP interface will work for NFS share permissions:
+
+- **NFS shares**: Only need consistent UID/GID mapping - Kanidm's LDAP provides this
+- **No SMB requirement**: SMB would need Samba schema attributes (deprecated in TrueNAS 13.0+), but we're NFS-only
+
+Configuration approach:
+1. Enable Kanidm's LDAP interface (`ldapbindaddress = "0.0.0.0:636"`)
+2. Import internal CA certificate into TrueNAS
+3. Configure TrueNAS LDAP client with Kanidm's Base DN and bind credentials
+4. Users/groups appear in TrueNAS permission dropdowns
+
+Note: Kanidm's LDAP is read-only and uses LDAPS only (no StartTLS). This is fine for our use case.
+
+### Future: NixOS NAS
+
+When the NAS is migrated to NixOS, it becomes a first-class citizen:
+
+- Native Kanidm PAM/NSS integration (same as other hosts)
+- No LDAP compatibility layer needed
+- Full integration with the rest of the homelab
+
+This future migration path is a strong argument for Kanidm over LDAP-only solutions.
+
+## Implementation Steps
+
+1. **Create Kanidm service module** in `services/kanidm/`
+   - Server configuration
+   - TLS via internal ACME
+   - Vault secrets for admin passwords
+
+2. **Configure declarative provisioning**
+   - Define initial users and groups
+   - Set up POSIX attributes (UID/GID ranges)
+
+3. **Add OIDC clients** for homelab services
+   - Grafana
+   - Other services as needed
+
+4. **Create client module** in `system/` for PAM/NSS
+   - Enable on all hosts that need central auth
+   - Configure trusted CA
+
+5. **Test NAS integration**
+   - Configure TrueNAS LDAP client to connect to Kanidm
+   - Verify UID/GID mapping works with NFS shares
+
+6. **Migrate auth01**
+   - Remove LLDAP and Authelia services
+   - Deploy Kanidm
+   - Update DNS CNAMEs if needed
+
+7. **Documentation**
+   - User management procedures
+   - Adding new OAuth2 clients
+   - Troubleshooting PAM/NSS issues
+
+## Open Questions
+
+- What UID/GID range should be reserved for Kanidm-managed users?
+- Which hosts should have PAM/NSS enabled initially?
+- What OAuth2 clients are needed at launch?
+
+## References
+
+- [Kanidm Documentation](https://kanidm.github.io/kanidm/stable/)
+- [NixOS Kanidm Module](https://search.nixos.org/options?query=services.kanidm)
+- [Kanidm PAM/NSS Integration](https://kanidm.github.io/kanidm/stable/pam_and_nsswitch.html)

docs/plans/completed/monitoring-gaps.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Monitoring Gaps Audit
+
+## Overview
+
+Audit of services running in the homelab that lack monitoring coverage, either missing Prometheus scrape targets, alerting rules, or both.
+
+## Services with No Monitoring
+
+### PostgreSQL (`pgdb1`)
+
+- **Current state:** No scrape targets, no alert rules
+- **Risk:** A database outage would go completely unnoticed by Prometheus
+- **Recommendation:** Enable `services.prometheus.exporters.postgres` (available in nixpkgs). This exposes connection counts, query throughput, replication lag, table/index stats, and more. Add alerts for at least `postgres_down` (systemd unit state) and connection pool exhaustion.
+
+### Authelia (`auth01`)
+
+- **Current state:** No scrape targets, no alert rules
+- **Risk:** The authentication gateway being down blocks access to all proxied services
+- **Recommendation:** Authelia exposes Prometheus metrics natively at `/metrics`. Add a scrape target and at minimum an `authelia_down` systemd unit state alert.
+
+### LLDAP (`auth01`)
+
+- **Current state:** No scrape targets, no alert rules
+- **Risk:** LLDAP is a dependency of Authelia -- if LDAP is down, authentication breaks even if Authelia is running
+- **Recommendation:** Add an `lldap_down` systemd unit state alert. LLDAP does not expose Prometheus metrics natively, so systemd unit monitoring via node-exporter may be sufficient.
+
+### Vault / OpenBao (`vault01`)
+
+- **Current state:** No scrape targets, no alert rules
+- **Risk:** Secrets management service failures go undetected
+- **Recommendation:** OpenBao supports Prometheus telemetry output natively. Add a scrape target for the telemetry endpoint and alerts for `vault_down` (systemd unit) and seal status.
+
+### Gitea Actions Runner
+
+- **Current state:** No scrape targets, no alert rules
+- **Risk:** CI/CD failures go undetected
+- **Recommendation:** Add at minimum a systemd unit state alert. The runner itself has limited metrics exposure.
+
+## Services with Partial Monitoring
+
+### Jellyfin (`jelly01`)
+
+- **Current state:** Has scrape targets (port 8096), metrics are being collected, but zero alert rules
+- **Metrics available:** 184 metrics, all .NET runtime / ASP.NET Core level. No Jellyfin-specific metrics (active streams, library size, transcoding sessions). Key useful metrics:
+  - `microsoft_aspnetcore_hosting_failed_requests` - rate of HTTP errors
+  - `microsoft_aspnetcore_hosting_current_requests` - in-flight requests
+  - `process_working_set_bytes` - memory usage (~256 MB currently)
+  - `dotnet_gc_pause_ratio` - GC pressure
+  - `up{job="jellyfin"}` - basic availability
+- **Recommendation:** Add a `jellyfin_down` alert using either `up{job="jellyfin"} == 0` or systemd unit state. Consider alerting on sustained `failed_requests` rate increase.
+
+### NATS (`nats1`)
+
+- **Current state:** Has a `nats_down` alert (systemd unit state via node-exporter), but no NATS-specific metrics
+- **Metrics available:** NATS has a built-in `/metrics` endpoint exposing connection counts, message throughput, JetStream consumer lag, and more
+- **Recommendation:** Add a scrape target for the NATS metrics endpoint. Consider alerts for connection count spikes, slow consumers, and JetStream storage usage.
+
+### DNS - Unbound (`ns1`, `ns2`)
+
+- **Current state:** Has `unbound_down` alert (systemd unit state), but no DNS query metrics
+- **Available in nixpkgs:** `services.prometheus.exporters.unbound.enable` (package: `prometheus-unbound-exporter` v0.5.0). Exposes query counts, cache hit ratios, response types (SERVFAIL, NXDOMAIN), upstream latency.
+- **Recommendation:** Enable the unbound exporter on ns1/ns2. Add alerts for cache hit ratio drops and SERVFAIL rate spikes.
+
+### DNS - NSD (`ns1`, `ns2`)
+
+- **Current state:** Has `nsd_down` alert (systemd unit state), no NSD-specific metrics
+- **Available in nixpkgs:** Nothing. No exporter package or NixOS module. Community `nsd_exporter` exists but is not packaged.
+- **Recommendation:** The existing systemd unit alert is likely sufficient. NSD is a simple authoritative-only server with limited operational metrics. Not worth packaging a custom exporter for now.
+
+## Existing Monitoring (for reference)
+
+These services have adequate alerting and/or scrape targets:
+
+| Service | Scrape Targets | Alert Rules |
+|---|---|---|
+| Monitoring stack (Prometheus, Grafana, Loki, Tempo, Pyroscope) | Yes | 7 alerts |
+| Home Assistant (+ Zigbee2MQTT, Mosquitto) | Yes (port 8123) | 3 alerts |
+| HTTP Proxy (Caddy) | Yes (port 80) | 3 alerts |
+| Nix Cache (Harmonia, build-flakes) | Via Caddy | 4 alerts |
+| CA (step-ca) | Yes (port 9000) | 4 certificate alerts |
+
+## Per-Service Resource Metrics (systemd-exporter)
+
+### Current State
+
+No per-service CPU, memory, or IO metrics are collected. The existing node-exporter systemd collector only provides unit state (active/inactive/failed), socket stats, and timer triggers. While systemd tracks per-unit resource usage via cgroups internally (visible in `systemctl status` and `systemd-cgtop`), this data is not exported to Prometheus.
+
+### Available Solution
+
+The `prometheus-systemd-exporter` package (v0.7.0) is available in nixpkgs with a ready-made NixOS module:
+
+```nix
+services.prometheus.exporters.systemd.enable = true;
+```
+
+**Options:** `enable`, `port`, `extraFlags`, `user`, `group`
+
+This exporter reads cgroup data and exposes per-unit metrics including:
+- CPU seconds consumed per service
+- Memory usage per service
+- Task/process counts per service
+- Restart counts
+- IO usage
+
+### Recommendation
+
+Enable on all hosts via the shared `system/` config (same pattern as node-exporter). Add a corresponding scrape job on monitoring01. This would give visibility into resource consumption per service across the fleet, useful for capacity planning and diagnosing noisy-neighbor issues on shared hosts.
+
+## Suggested Priority
+
+1. **PostgreSQL** - Critical infrastructure, easy to add with existing nixpkgs module
+2. **Authelia + LLDAP** - Auth outage affects all proxied services
+3. **Unbound exporter** - Ready-to-go NixOS module, just needs enabling
+4. **Jellyfin alerts** - Metrics already collected, just needs alert rules
+5. **NATS metrics** - Built-in endpoint, just needs a scrape target
+6. **Vault/OpenBao** - Native telemetry support
+7. **Actions Runner** - Lower priority, basic systemd alert sufficient
+
+## Node-Exporter Targets Currently Down
+
+Noted during audit -- these node-exporter targets are failing:
+
+- `nixos-test1.home.2rjus.net:9100` - no route to host
+- `media1.home.2rjus.net:9100` - no route to host
+- `ns3.home.2rjus.net:9100` - no route to host
+- `ns4.home.2rjus.net:9100` - no route to host
+
+These may be decommissioned or powered-off hosts that should be removed from the scrape config.

docs/plans/completed/nixos-exporter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# NixOS Prometheus Exporter
+
+## Overview
+
+Build a generic Prometheus exporter for NixOS-specific metrics. This exporter should be useful for any NixOS deployment, not just our homelab.
+
+## Goal
+
+Provide visibility into NixOS system state that standard exporters don't cover:
+- Generation management (count, age, current vs booted)
+- Flake input freshness
+- Upgrade status
+
+## Metrics
+
+### Core Metrics
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `nixos_generation_count` | Number of system generations | Count entries in `/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-*` |
+| `nixos_current_generation` | Active generation number | Parse `readlink /run/current-system` |
+| `nixos_booted_generation` | Generation that was booted | Parse `/run/booted-system` |
+| `nixos_generation_age_seconds` | Age of current generation | File mtime of current system profile |
+| `nixos_config_mismatch` | 1 if booted != current, 0 otherwise | Compare symlink targets |
+
+### Flake Metrics (optional collector)
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `nixos_flake_input_age_seconds` | Age of each flake.lock input | Parse `lastModified` from flake.lock |
+| `nixos_flake_input_info` | Info gauge with rev label | Parse `rev` from flake.lock |
+
+Labels: `input` (e.g., "nixpkgs", "home-manager")
+
+### Future Metrics
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `nixos_upgrade_pending` | 1 if remote differs from local | Compare flake refs (expensive) |
+| `nixos_store_size_bytes` | Size of /nix/store | `du` or filesystem stats |
+| `nixos_store_path_count` | Number of store paths | Count entries |
+
+## Architecture
+
+Single binary with optional collectors enabled via config or flags.
+
+```
+nixos-exporter
+├── main.go
+├── collector/
+│   ├── generation.go    # Core generation metrics
+│   └── flake.go         # Flake input metrics
+└── config/
+    └── config.go
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+```yaml
+listen_addr: ":9971"
+collectors:
+  generation:
+    enabled: true
+  flake:
+    enabled: false
+    lock_path: "/etc/nixos/flake.lock"  # or auto-detect from /run/current-system
+```
+
+Command-line alternative:
+```bash
+nixos-exporter --listen=:9971 --collector.flake --flake.lock-path=/etc/nixos/flake.lock
+```
+
+## NixOS Module
+
+```nix
+services.prometheus.exporters.nixos = {
+  enable = true;
+  port = 9971;
+  collectors = [ "generation" "flake" ];
+  flake.lockPath = "/etc/nixos/flake.lock";
+};
+```
+
+The module should integrate with nixpkgs' existing `services.prometheus.exporters.*` pattern.
+
+## Implementation
+
+### Language
+
+Go - mature prometheus client library, single static binary, easy cross-compilation.
+
+### Phase 1: Core
+1. Create git repository
+2. Implement generation collector (count, current, booted, age, mismatch)
+3. Basic HTTP server with `/metrics` endpoint
+4. NixOS module
+
+### Phase 2: Flake Collector
+1. Parse flake.lock JSON format
+2. Extract lastModified timestamps per input
+3. Add input labels
+
+### Phase 3: Packaging
+1. Add to nixpkgs or publish as flake
+2. Documentation
+3. Example Grafana dashboard
+
+## Example Output
+
+```
+# HELP nixos_generation_count Total number of system generations
+# TYPE nixos_generation_count gauge
+nixos_generation_count 47
+
+# HELP nixos_current_generation Currently active generation number
+# TYPE nixos_current_generation gauge
+nixos_current_generation 47
+
+# HELP nixos_booted_generation Generation that was booted
+# TYPE nixos_booted_generation gauge
+nixos_booted_generation 46
+
+# HELP nixos_generation_age_seconds Age of current generation in seconds
+# TYPE nixos_generation_age_seconds gauge
+nixos_generation_age_seconds 3600
+
+# HELP nixos_config_mismatch 1 if booted generation differs from current
+# TYPE nixos_config_mismatch gauge
+nixos_config_mismatch 1
+
+# HELP nixos_flake_input_age_seconds Age of flake input in seconds
+# TYPE nixos_flake_input_age_seconds gauge
+nixos_flake_input_age_seconds{input="nixpkgs"} 259200
+nixos_flake_input_age_seconds{input="home-manager"} 86400
+```
+
+## Alert Examples
+
+```yaml
+- alert: NixOSConfigStale
+  expr: nixos_generation_age_seconds > 7 * 24 * 3600
+  for: 1h
+  labels:
+    severity: warning
+  annotations:
+    summary: "NixOS config on {{ $labels.instance }} is over 7 days old"
+
+- alert: NixOSRebootRequired
+  expr: nixos_config_mismatch == 1
+  for: 24h
+  labels:
+    severity: info
+  annotations:
+    summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} needs reboot to apply config"
+
+- alert: NixpkgsInputStale
+  expr: nixos_flake_input_age_seconds{input="nixpkgs"} > 30 * 24 * 3600
+  for: 1d
+  labels:
+    severity: info
+  annotations:
+    summary: "nixpkgs input on {{ $labels.instance }} is over 30 days old"
+```
+
+## Open Questions
+
+- [ ] How to detect flake.lock path automatically? (check /run/current-system for flake info)
+- [ ] Should generation collector need root? (probably not, just reading symlinks)
+- [ ] Include in nixpkgs or distribute as standalone flake?
+
+## Notes
+
+- Port 9971 suggested (9970 reserved for homelab-exporter)
+- Keep scope focused on NixOS-specific metrics - don't duplicate node-exporter
+- Consider submitting to prometheus exporter registry once stable

docs/plans/completed/sops-to-openbao-migration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Sops to OpenBao Secrets Migration Plan
+
+## Status: Complete (except ca, deferred)
+
+## Remaining sops cleanup
+
+The `sops-nix` flake input, `system/sops.nix`, `.sops.yaml`, and `secrets/` directory are
+still present because `ca` still uses sops for its step-ca secrets (5 secrets in
+`services/ca/default.nix`). The `services/authelia/` and `services/lldap/` modules also
+reference sops but are only used by auth01 (decommissioned).
+
+Once `ca` is migrated to OpenBao PKI (Phase 4c in host-migration-to-opentofu.md), remove:
+- `sops-nix` input from `flake.nix`
+- `sops-nix.nixosModules.sops` from all host module lists in `flake.nix`
+- `inherit sops-nix` from all specialArgs in `flake.nix`
+- `system/sops.nix` and its import in `system/default.nix`
+- `.sops.yaml`
+- `secrets/` directory
+- All `sops.secrets.*` declarations in `services/ca/`, `services/authelia/`, `services/lldap/`
+
+## Overview
+
+Migrate all hosts from sops-nix secrets to OpenBao (vault) secrets management. Pilot with ha1, then roll out to remaining hosts in waves.
+
+## Pre-requisites (completed)
+
+1. Hardcoded root password hash in `system/root-user.nix` (removes sops dependency for all hosts)
+2. Added `extractKey` option to `system/vault-secrets.nix` (extracts single key as file)
+
+## Deployment Order
+
+### Pilot: ha1
+- Terraform: shared/backup/password secret, ha1 AppRole policy
+- Provision AppRole credentials via `playbooks/provision-approle.yml`
+- NixOS: vault.enable + backup-helper vault secret
+
+### Wave 1: nats1, jelly01, pgdb1
+- No service secrets (only root password, already handled)
+- Just need AppRole policies + credential provisioning
+
+### Wave 2: monitoring01
+- 3 secrets: backup password, nats nkey, pve-exporter config
+- Updates: alerttonotify.nix, pve.nix, configuration.nix
+
+### Wave 3: ns1, then ns2 (critical - deploy ns1 first, verify, then ns2)
+- DNS zone transfer key (shared/dns/xfer-key)
+
+### Wave 4: http-proxy
+- WireGuard private key
+
+### Wave 5: nix-cache01
+- Cache signing key + Gitea Actions token
+
+### Wave 6: ca (DEFERRED - waiting for PKI migration)
+
+### Skipped: auth01 (decommissioned)
+
+## Terraform variables needed
+
+User must extract from sops and add to `terraform/vault/terraform.tfvars`:
+
+| Variable | Source |
+|----------|--------|
+| `backup_helper_secret` | `sops -d secrets/secrets.yaml` |
+| `ns_xfer_key` | `sops -d secrets/secrets.yaml` |
+| `nats_nkey` | `sops -d secrets/secrets.yaml` |
+| `pve_exporter_config` | `sops -d secrets/monitoring01/pve-exporter.yaml` |
+| `wireguard_private_key` | `sops -d secrets/http-proxy/wireguard.yaml` |
+| `cache_signing_key` | `sops -d secrets/nix-cache01/cache-secret` |
+| `actions_token_1` | `sops -d secrets/nix-cache01/actions_token_1` |
+
+## Provisioning AppRole credentials
+
+```bash
+export BAO_ADDR='https://vault01.home.2rjus.net:8200'
+export BAO_TOKEN='<root-token>'
+nix develop -c ansible-playbook playbooks/provision-approle.yml -e hostname=<host>
+```
+
+## Verification (per host)
+
+1. `systemctl status vault-secret-*` - all secret fetch services succeeded
+2. Check secret files exist at expected paths with correct permissions
+3. Verify dependent services are running
+4. Check `/var/lib/vault/cache/` is populated (fallback ready)
+5. Reboot host to verify boot-time secret fetching works

docs/plans/completed/zigbee-sensor-battery-monitoring.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Zigbee Sensor Battery Monitoring
+
+**Status:** Completed
+**Branch:** `zigbee-battery-fix`
+**Commit:** `c515a6b home-assistant: fix zigbee sensor battery reporting`
+
+## Problem
+
+Three Aqara Zigbee temperature sensors report `battery: 0` in their MQTT payload, making the `hass_sensor_battery_percent` Prometheus metric useless for battery monitoring on these devices.
+
+Affected sensors:
+- **Temp Living Room** (`0x54ef441000a54d3c`) — WSDCGQ12LM
+- **Temp Office** (`0x54ef441000a547bd`) — WSDCGQ12LM
+- **temp_server** (`0x54ef441000a564b6`) — WSDCGQ12LM
+
+The **Temp Bedroom** sensor (`0x00124b0025495463`) is a SONOFF SNZB-02 and reports battery correctly.
+
+## Findings
+
+- All three sensors are actively reporting temperature, humidity, and pressure data — they are not dead.
+- The Zigbee2MQTT payload includes a `voltage` field (e.g., `2707` = 2.707V), which indicates healthy battery levels (~40-60% for a CR2032 coin cell).
+- CR2032 voltage reference: ~3.0V fresh, ~2.7V mid-life, ~2.1V dead.
+- The `voltage` field is not exposed as a Prometheus metric — it exists only in the MQTT payload.
+- This is a known firmware quirk with some Aqara WSDCGQ12LM sensors that always report 0% battery.
+
+## Device Inventory
+
+Full list of Zigbee devices on ha1 (12 total):
+
+| Device | IEEE Address | Model | Type |
+|--------|-------------|-------|------|
+| temp_server | 0x54ef441000a564b6 | WSDCGQ12LM | Temperature sensor (battery fix applied) |
+| (Temp Living Room) | 0x54ef441000a54d3c | WSDCGQ12LM | Temperature sensor (battery fix applied) |
+| (Temp Office) | 0x54ef441000a547bd | WSDCGQ12LM | Temperature sensor (battery fix applied) |
+| (Temp Bedroom) | 0x00124b0025495463 | SNZB-02 | Temperature sensor (battery works) |
+| (Water leak) | 0x54ef4410009ac117 | SJCGQ12LM | Water leak sensor |
+| btn_livingroom | 0x54ef441000a1f907 | WXKG13LM | Wireless mini switch |
+| btn_bedroom | 0x54ef441000a1ee71 | WXKG13LM | Wireless mini switch |
+| (Hue bulb) | 0x001788010dc35d06 | 9290024688 | Hue E27 1100lm (Router) |
+| (Hue bulb) | 0x001788010dc5f003 | 9290024688 | Hue E27 1100lm (Router) |
+| (Hue ceiling) | 0x001788010e371aa4 | 915005997301 | Hue Infuse medium (Router) |
+| (Hue ceiling) | 0x001788010d253b99 | 915005997301 | Hue Infuse medium (Router) |
+| (Hue wall) | 0x001788010d1b599a | 929003052901 | Hue Sana wall light (Router, transition=5) |
+
+## Implementation
+
+### Solution 1: Calculate battery from voltage in Zigbee2MQTT (Implemented)
+
+Override the Home Assistant battery entity's `value_template` in Zigbee2MQTT device configuration to calculate battery percentage from voltage.
+
+**Formula:** `(voltage - 2100) / 9` (maps 2100-3000mV to 0-100%)
+
+**Changes in `services/home-assistant/default.nix`:**
+- Device configuration moved from external `devices.yaml` to inline NixOS config
+- Three affected sensors have `homeassistant.sensor_battery.value_template` override
+- All 12 devices now declaratively managed
+
+**Expected battery values based on current voltages:**
+| Sensor | Voltage | Expected Battery |
+|--------|---------|------------------|
+| Temp Living Room | 2710 mV | ~68% |
+| Temp Office | 2658 mV | ~62% |
+| temp_server | 2765 mV | ~74% |
+
+### Solution 2: Alert on sensor staleness (Implemented)
+
+Added Prometheus alert `zigbee_sensor_stale` in `services/monitoring/rules.yml` that fires when a Zigbee temperature sensor hasn't updated in over 1 hour. This provides defense-in-depth for detecting dead sensors regardless of battery reporting accuracy.
+
+**Alert details:**
+- Expression: `(time() - hass_last_updated_time_seconds{entity=~"sensor\\.(0x[0-9a-f]+|temp_server)_temperature"}) > 3600`
+- Severity: warning
+- For: 5m
+
+## Pre-Deployment Verification
+
+### Backup Verification
+
+Before deployment, verified ha1 backup configuration and ran manual backup:
+
+**Backup paths:**
+- `/var/lib/hass` ✓
+- `/var/lib/zigbee2mqtt` ✓
+- `/var/lib/mosquitto` ✓
+
+**Manual backup (2026-02-05 22:45:23):**
+- Snapshot ID: `59704dfa`
+- Files: 77 total (0 new, 13 changed, 64 unmodified)
+- Data: 62.635 MiB processed, 6.928 MiB stored (compressed)
+
+### Other directories reviewed
+
+- `/var/lib/vault` — Contains AppRole credentials; not backed up (can be re-provisioned via Ansible)
+- `/var/lib/sops-nix` — Legacy; ha1 uses Vault now
+
+## Post-Deployment Steps
+
+After deploying to ha1:
+
+1. Restart zigbee2mqtt service (automatic on NixOS rebuild)
+2. In Home Assistant, the battery entities may need to be re-discovered:
+   - Go to Settings → Devices & Services → MQTT
+   - The new `value_template` should take effect after entity re-discovery
+   - If not, try disabling and re-enabling the battery entities
+
+## Notes
+
+- Device configuration is now declarative in NixOS. Future device additions via Zigbee2MQTT frontend will need to be added to the NixOS config to persist.
+- The `devices.yaml` file on ha1 will be overwritten on service start but can be removed after confirming the new config works.
+- The NixOS zigbee2mqtt module defaults to `devices = "devices.yaml"` but our explicit inline config overrides this.

docs/plans/homelab-exporter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# Homelab Infrastructure Exporter
+
+## Overview
+
+Build a Prometheus exporter for metrics specific to our homelab infrastructure. Unlike the generic nixos-exporter, this covers services and patterns unique to our environment.
+
+## Current State
+
+### Existing Exporters
+- **node-exporter** (all hosts): System metrics
+- **systemd-exporter** (all hosts): Service restart counts, IP accounting
+- **labmon** (monitoring01): TLS certificate monitoring, step-ca health
+- **Service-specific**: unbound, postgres, nats, jellyfin, home-assistant, caddy, step-ca
+
+### Gaps
+- No visibility into Vault/OpenBao lease expiry
+- No ACME certificate expiry from internal CA
+- No Proxmox guest agent metrics from inside VMs
+
+## Metrics
+
+### Vault/OpenBao Metrics
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `homelab_vault_token_expiry_seconds` | Seconds until AppRole token expires | Token metadata or lease file |
+| `homelab_vault_token_renewable` | 1 if token is renewable | Token metadata |
+
+Labels: `role` (AppRole name)
+
+### ACME Certificate Metrics
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `homelab_acme_cert_expiry_seconds` | Seconds until certificate expires | Parse cert from `/var/lib/acme/*/cert.pem` |
+| `homelab_acme_cert_not_after` | Unix timestamp of cert expiry | Certificate NotAfter field |
+
+Labels: `domain`, `issuer`
+
+Note: labmon already monitors external TLS endpoints. This covers local ACME-managed certs.
+
+### Proxmox Guest Metrics (future)
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `homelab_proxmox_guest_info` | Info gauge with VM ID, name | QEMU guest agent |
+| `homelab_proxmox_guest_agent_running` | 1 if guest agent is responsive | Agent ping |
+
+### DNS Zone Metrics (future)
+
+| Metric | Description | Source |
+|--------|-------------|--------|
+| `homelab_dns_zone_serial` | Current zone serial number | DNS AXFR or zone file |
+
+Labels: `zone`
+
+## Architecture
+
+Single binary with collectors enabled via config. Runs on hosts that need specific collectors.
+
+```
+homelab-exporter
+├── main.go
+├── collector/
+│   ├── vault.go     # Vault/OpenBao token metrics
+│   ├── acme.go      # ACME certificate metrics
+│   └── proxmox.go   # Proxmox guest agent (future)
+└── config/
+    └── config.go
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+```yaml
+listen_addr: ":9970"
+collectors:
+  vault:
+    enabled: true
+    token_path: "/var/lib/vault/token"
+  acme:
+    enabled: true
+    cert_dirs:
+      - "/var/lib/acme"
+  proxmox:
+    enabled: false
+```
+
+## NixOS Module
+
+```nix
+services.homelab-exporter = {
+  enable = true;
+  port = 9970;
+  collectors = {
+    vault = {
+      enable = true;
+      tokenPath = "/var/lib/vault/token";
+    };
+    acme = {
+      enable = true;
+      certDirs = [ "/var/lib/acme" ];
+    };
+  };
+};
+
+# Auto-register scrape target
+homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [{
+  job_name = "homelab-exporter";
+  port = 9970;
+}];
+```
+
+## Integration
+
+### Deployment
+
+Deploy on hosts that have relevant data:
+- **All hosts with ACME certs**: acme collector
+- **All hosts with Vault**: vault collector
+- **Proxmox VMs**: proxmox collector (when implemented)
+
+### Relationship with nixos-exporter
+
+These are complementary:
+- **nixos-exporter** (port 9971): Generic NixOS metrics, deploy everywhere
+- **homelab-exporter** (port 9970): Infrastructure-specific, deploy selectively
+
+Both can run on the same host if needed.
+
+## Implementation
+
+### Language
+
+Go - consistent with labmon and nixos-exporter.
+
+### Phase 1: Core + ACME
+1. Create git repository (git.t-juice.club/torjus/homelab-exporter)
+2. Implement ACME certificate collector
+3. HTTP server with `/metrics`
+4. NixOS module
+
+### Phase 2: Vault Collector
+1. Implement token expiry detection
+2. Handle missing/expired tokens gracefully
+
+### Phase 3: Dashboard
+1. Create Grafana dashboard for infrastructure health
+2. Add to existing monitoring service module
+
+## Alert Examples
+
+```yaml
+- alert: VaultTokenExpiringSoon
+  expr: homelab_vault_token_expiry_seconds < 3600
+  for: 5m
+  labels:
+    severity: warning
+  annotations:
+    summary: "Vault token on {{ $labels.instance }} expires in < 1 hour"
+
+- alert: ACMECertExpiringSoon
+  expr: homelab_acme_cert_expiry_seconds < 7 * 24 * 3600
+  for: 1h
+  labels:
+    severity: warning
+  annotations:
+    summary: "ACME cert {{ $labels.domain }} on {{ $labels.instance }} expires in < 7 days"
+```
+
+## Open Questions
+
+- [ ] How to read Vault token expiry without re-authenticating?
+- [ ] Should ACME collector also check key/cert match?
+
+## Notes
+
+- Port 9970 (labmon uses 9969, nixos-exporter will use 9971)
+- Keep infrastructure-specific logic here, generic NixOS stuff in nixos-exporter
+- Consider merging Proxmox metrics with pve-exporter if overlap is significant

docs/plans/host-migration-to-opentofu.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Hosts to migrate:
 | nix-cache01 | Stateless | Binary cache, recreate |
 | http-proxy | Stateless | Reverse proxy, recreate |
 | nats1 | Stateless | Messaging, recreate |
-| auth01 | Stateless | Authentication, recreate |
+| auth01 | Decommission | No longer in use |
 | ha1 | Stateful | Home Assistant + Zigbee2MQTT + Mosquitto |
 | monitoring01 | Stateful | Prometheus, Grafana, Loki |
 | jelly01 | Stateful | Jellyfin metadata, watch history, config |
@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ These hosts have no meaningful state and can be recreated fresh. For each host:
 Migrate stateless hosts in an order that minimizes disruption:
 
 1. **nix-cache01** — low risk, no downstream dependencies during migration
-2. **auth01** — low risk
-3. **nats1** — low risk, verify no persistent JetStream streams first
+2. **nats1** — low risk, verify no persistent JetStream streams first
 4. **http-proxy** — brief disruption to proxied services, migrate during low-traffic window
 5. **ns1, ns2** — migrate one at a time, verify DNS resolution between each
 
@@ -154,6 +153,10 @@ For each stateful host, the procedure is:
 6. Verify Zigbee devices are still paired and communicating
 7. Decommission old VM
 
+**Note:** ha1 currently has 2 GB RAM, which is consistently tight. Average memory usage has
+climbed from ~57% (30-day avg) to ~70% currently, with a 30-day low of only 187 MB free.
+Consider increasing to 4 GB when reprovisioning to allow headroom for additional integrations.
+
 **Note:** ha1 is the highest-risk migration due to Zigbee device pairings. The Zigbee
 coordinator state in `/var/lib/zigbee2mqtt` should preserve pairings, but verify on a
 non-critical time window.
@@ -164,8 +167,9 @@ OpenTofu/Proxmox. Verify the USB device ID on the hypervisor and add the appropr
 `usb` block to the VM definition in `terraform/vms.tf`. The USB device must be passed
 through before starting Zigbee2MQTT on the new host.
 
-## Phase 5: Decommission jump Host
+## Phase 5: Decommission jump and auth01 Hosts
 
+### jump
 1. Verify nothing depends on the jump host (no SSH proxy configs pointing to it, etc.)
 2. Remove host configuration from `hosts/jump/`
 3. Remove from `flake.nix`
@@ -174,12 +178,37 @@ through before starting Zigbee2MQTT on the new host.
 6. Destroy the VM in Proxmox
 7. Commit cleanup
 
+### auth01
+1. Remove host configuration from `hosts/auth01/`
+2. Remove from `flake.nix`
+3. Remove any secrets in `secrets/auth01/`
+4. Remove from `.sops.yaml`
+5. Remove `services/authelia/` and `services/lldap/` (only used by auth01)
+6. Destroy the VM in Proxmox
+7. Commit cleanup
+
 ## Phase 6: Decommission ca Host (Deferred)
 
 Deferred until Phase 4c (PKI migration to OpenBao) is complete. Once all hosts use the
 OpenBao ACME endpoint for certificates, the step-ca host can be decommissioned following
 the same cleanup steps as the jump host.
 
+## Phase 7: Remove sops-nix
+
+Once `ca` is decommissioned (Phase 6), `sops-nix` is no longer used by any host. Remove
+all remnants:
+- `sops-nix` input from `flake.nix` and `flake.lock`
+- `sops-nix.nixosModules.sops` from all host module lists in `flake.nix`
+- `inherit sops-nix` from all specialArgs in `flake.nix`
+- `system/sops.nix` and its import in `system/default.nix`
+- `.sops.yaml`
+- `secrets/` directory
+- All `sops.secrets.*` declarations in `services/ca/`, `services/authelia/`, `services/lldap/`
+- Template scripts that generate age keys for sops (`hosts/template/scripts.nix`,
+  `hosts/template2/scripts.nix`)
+
+See `docs/plans/completed/sops-to-openbao-migration.md` for full context.
+
 ## Notes
 
 - Each host migration should be done individually, not in bulk, to limit blast radius

docs/plans/long-term-metrics-storage.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Long-Term Metrics Storage Options
+
+## Problem Statement
+
+Current Prometheus configuration retains metrics for 30 days (`retentionTime = "30d"`). Extending retention further raises disk usage concerns on the homelab hypervisor with limited local storage.
+
+Prometheus does not support downsampling - it stores all data at full resolution until the retention period expires, then deletes it entirely.
+
+## Current Configuration
+
+Location: `services/monitoring/prometheus.nix`
+
+- **Retention**: 30 days
+- **Scrape interval**: 15s
+- **Features**: Alertmanager, Pushgateway, auto-generated scrape configs from flake hosts
+- **Storage**: Local disk on monitoring01
+
+## Options Evaluated
+
+### Option 1: VictoriaMetrics
+
+VictoriaMetrics is a Prometheus-compatible TSDB with significantly better compression (5-10x smaller storage footprint).
+
+**NixOS Options Available:**
+- `services.victoriametrics.enable`
+- `services.victoriametrics.prometheusConfig` - accepts Prometheus scrape config format
+- `services.victoriametrics.retentionPeriod` - e.g., "6m" for 6 months
+- `services.vmagent` - dedicated scraping agent
+- `services.vmalert` - alerting rules evaluation
+
+**Pros:**
+- Simple migration - single service replacement
+- Same PromQL query language - Grafana dashboards work unchanged
+- Same scrape config format - existing auto-generated configs work as-is
+- 5-10x better compression means 30 days of Prometheus data could become 180+ days
+- Lightweight, single binary
+
+**Cons:**
+- No automatic downsampling (relies on compression alone)
+- Alerting requires switching to vmalert instead of Prometheus alertmanager integration
+- Would need to migrate existing data or start fresh
+
+**Migration Steps:**
+1. Replace `services.prometheus` with `services.victoriametrics`
+2. Move scrape configs to `prometheusConfig`
+3. Set up `services.vmalert` for alerting rules
+4. Update Grafana datasource to VictoriaMetrics port (8428)
+5. Keep Alertmanager for notification routing
+
+### Option 2: Thanos
+
+Thanos extends Prometheus with long-term storage and automatic downsampling by uploading data to object storage.
+
+**NixOS Options Available:**
+- `services.thanos.sidecar` - uploads Prometheus blocks to object storage
+- `services.thanos.compact` - compacts and downsamples data
+- `services.thanos.query` - unified query gateway
+- `services.thanos.query-frontend` - query caching and parallelization
+- `services.thanos.downsample` - dedicated downsampling service
+
+**Downsampling Behavior:**
+- Raw resolution kept for configurable period (default: indefinite)
+- 5-minute resolution created after 40 hours
+- 1-hour resolution created after 10 days
+
+**Retention Configuration (in compactor):**
+```nix
+services.thanos.compact = {
+  retention.resolution-raw = "30d";   # Keep raw for 30 days
+  retention.resolution-5m = "180d";   # Keep 5m samples for 6 months
+  retention.resolution-1h = "2y";     # Keep 1h samples for 2 years
+};
+```
+
+**Pros:**
+- True downsampling - older data uses progressively less storage
+- Keep metrics for years with minimal storage impact
+- Prometheus continues running unchanged
+- Existing Alertmanager integration preserved
+
+**Cons:**
+- Requires object storage (MinIO, S3, or local filesystem)
+- Multiple services to manage (sidecar, compactor, query)
+- More complex architecture
+- Additional infrastructure (MinIO) may be needed
+
+**Required Components:**
+1. Thanos Sidecar (runs alongside Prometheus)
+2. Object storage (MinIO or local filesystem)
+3. Thanos Compactor (handles downsampling)
+4. Thanos Query (provides unified query endpoint)
+
+**Migration Steps:**
+1. Deploy object storage (MinIO or configure filesystem backend)
+2. Add Thanos sidecar pointing to Prometheus data directory
+3. Add Thanos compactor with retention policies
+4. Add Thanos query gateway
+5. Update Grafana datasource to Thanos Query port (10902)
+
+## Comparison
+
+| Aspect | VictoriaMetrics | Thanos |
+|--------|-----------------|--------|
+| Complexity | Low (1 service) | Higher (3-4 services) |
+| Downsampling | No | Yes (automatic) |
+| Storage savings | 5-10x compression | Compression + downsampling |
+| Object storage required | No | Yes |
+| Migration effort | Minimal | Moderate |
+| Grafana changes | Change port only | Change port only |
+| Alerting changes | Need vmalert | Keep existing |
+
+## Recommendation
+
+**Start with VictoriaMetrics** for simplicity. The compression alone may provide 6+ months of retention in the same disk space currently used for 30 days.
+
+If multi-year retention with true downsampling becomes necessary, Thanos can be evaluated later. However, it requires deploying object storage infrastructure (MinIO) which adds operational complexity.
+
+## References
+
+- VictoriaMetrics docs: https://docs.victoriametrics.com/
+- Thanos docs: https://thanos.io/tip/thanos/getting-started.md/
+- NixOS options searched from nixpkgs revision e576e3c9 (NixOS 25.11)

docs/plans/nats-deploy-service.md

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# NATS-Based Deployment Service
+
+## Overview
+
+Create a message-based deployment system that allows triggering NixOS configuration updates on-demand, rather than waiting for the daily auto-upgrade timer. This enables faster iteration when testing changes and immediate fleet-wide deployments.
+
+## Goals
+
+1. **On-demand deployment** - Trigger config updates immediately via NATS message
+2. **Targeted deployment** - Deploy to specific hosts or all hosts
+3. **Branch/revision support** - Test feature branches before merging to master
+4. **MCP integration** - Allow Claude Code to trigger deployments during development
+
+## Current State
+
+- **Auto-upgrade**: All hosts run `nixos-upgrade.service` daily, pulling from master
+- **Manual testing**: `nixos-rebuild-test <action> <branch>` helper exists on all hosts
+- **NATS**: Running on nats1 with JetStream enabled, using NKey authentication
+- **Accounts**: ADMIN (system) and HOMELAB (user workloads with JetStream)
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+┌─────────────┐                        ┌─────────────┐
+│  MCP Tool   │  deploy.test.>         │  Admin CLI  │  deploy.test.> + deploy.prod.>
+│  (claude)   │────────────┐     ┌─────│  (torjus)   │
+└─────────────┘            │     │     └─────────────┘
+                           ▼     ▼
+                      ┌──────────────┐
+                      │    nats1     │
+                      │  (authz)     │
+                      └──────┬───────┘
+                             │
+           ┌─────────────────┼─────────────────┐
+           │                 │                 │
+           ▼                 ▼                 ▼
+     ┌──────────┐      ┌──────────┐      ┌──────────┐
+     │ template1│      │   ns1    │      │   ha1    │
+     │ tier=test│      │ tier=prod│      │ tier=prod│
+     └──────────┘      └──────────┘      └──────────┘
+```
+
+## Repository Structure
+
+The project lives in a **separate repository** (e.g., `homelab-deploy`) containing:
+
+```
+homelab-deploy/
+├── flake.nix           # Nix flake with Go package + NixOS module
+├── go.mod
+├── go.sum
+├── cmd/
+│   └── homelab-deploy/
+│       └── main.go     # CLI entrypoint with subcommands
+├── internal/
+│   ├── listener/       # Listener mode logic
+│   ├── mcp/            # MCP server mode logic
+│   └── deploy/         # Shared deployment logic
+└── nixos/
+    └── module.nix      # NixOS module for listener service
+```
+
+This repo imports the flake as an input and uses the NixOS module.
+
+## Single Binary with Subcommands
+
+The `homelab-deploy` binary supports multiple modes:
+
+```bash
+# Run as listener on a host (systemd service)
+homelab-deploy listener --hostname ns1 --nats-url nats://nats1:4222
+
+# Run as MCP server (for Claude Code)
+homelab-deploy mcp --nats-url nats://nats1:4222
+
+# CLI commands for manual use
+homelab-deploy deploy ns1 --branch feature-x --action switch  # single host
+homelab-deploy deploy --tier test --all --action boot          # all test hosts
+homelab-deploy deploy --tier prod --all --action boot          # all prod hosts (admin only)
+homelab-deploy deploy --tier prod --role dns --action switch   # all prod dns hosts
+homelab-deploy status
+```
+
+## Components
+
+### Listener Mode
+
+A systemd service on each host that:
+- Subscribes to multiple subjects for targeted and group deployments
+- Validates incoming messages (revision, action)
+- Executes `nixos-rebuild` with specified parameters
+- Reports status back via NATS
+
+**Subject structure:**
+```
+deploy.<tier>.<hostname>      # specific host (e.g., deploy.prod.ns1)
+deploy.<tier>.all             # all hosts in tier (e.g., deploy.test.all)
+deploy.<tier>.role.<role>     # all hosts with role in tier (e.g., deploy.prod.role.dns)
+```
+
+**Listener subscriptions** (based on `homelab.host` config):
+- `deploy.<tier>.<hostname>` - direct messages to this host
+- `deploy.<tier>.all` - broadcast to all hosts in tier
+- `deploy.<tier>.role.<role>` - broadcast to hosts with matching role (if role is set)
+
+Example: ns1 with `tier=prod, role=dns` subscribes to:
+- `deploy.prod.ns1`
+- `deploy.prod.all`
+- `deploy.prod.role.dns`
+
+**NixOS module configuration:**
+```nix
+services.homelab-deploy.listener = {
+  enable = true;
+  timeout = 600;  # seconds, default 10 minutes
+};
+```
+
+The listener reads tier and role from `config.homelab.host` (see Host Metadata below).
+
+**Request message format:**
+```json
+{
+  "action": "switch" | "boot" | "test" | "dry-activate",
+  "revision": "master" | "feature-branch" | "abc123...",
+  "reply_to": "deploy.responses.<request-id>"
+}
+```
+
+**Response message format:**
+```json
+{
+  "status": "accepted" | "rejected" | "started" | "completed" | "failed",
+  "error": "invalid_revision" | "already_running" | "build_failed" | null,
+  "message": "human-readable details"
+}
+```
+
+**Request/Reply flow:**
+1. MCP/CLI sends deploy request with unique `reply_to` subject
+2. Listener validates request (e.g., `git ls-remote` to check revision exists)
+3. Listener sends immediate response:
+   - `{"status": "rejected", "error": "invalid_revision", "message": "branch 'foo' not found"}`, or
+   - `{"status": "started", "message": "starting nixos-rebuild switch"}`
+4. If started, listener runs nixos-rebuild
+5. Listener sends final response:
+   - `{"status": "completed", "message": "successfully switched to generation 42"}`, or
+   - `{"status": "failed", "error": "build_failed", "message": "nixos-rebuild exited with code 1"}`
+
+This provides immediate feedback on validation errors (bad revision, already running) without waiting for the build to fail.
+
+### MCP Mode
+
+Runs as an MCP server providing tools for Claude Code.
+
+**Tools:**
+| Tool | Description | Tier Access |
+|------|-------------|-------------|
+| `deploy` | Deploy to test hosts (individual, all, or by role) | test only |
+| `deploy_admin` | Deploy to any host (requires `--enable-admin` flag) | test + prod |
+| `deploy_status` | Check deployment status/history | n/a |
+| `list_hosts` | List available deployment targets | n/a |
+
+**CLI flags:**
+```bash
+# Default: only test-tier deployments available
+homelab-deploy mcp --nats-url nats://nats1:4222
+
+# Enable admin tool (requires admin NKey to be configured)
+homelab-deploy mcp --nats-url nats://nats1:4222 --enable-admin --admin-nkey-file /path/to/admin.nkey
+```
+
+**Security layers:**
+1. **MCP flag**: `deploy_admin` tool only exposed when `--enable-admin` is passed
+2. **NATS authz**: Even if tool is exposed, NATS rejects publishes without valid admin NKey
+3. **Claude Code permissions**: Can set `mcp__homelab-deploy__deploy_admin` to `ask` mode for confirmation popup
+
+By default, the MCP only loads test-tier credentials and exposes the `deploy` tool. Claude can:
+- Deploy to individual test hosts
+- Deploy to all test hosts at once (`deploy.test.all`)
+- Deploy to test hosts by role (`deploy.test.role.<role>`)
+
+### Tiered Permissions
+
+Authorization is enforced at the NATS layer using subject-based permissions. Different deployer credentials have different publish rights:
+
+**NATS user configuration (on nats1):**
+```nix
+accounts = {
+  HOMELAB = {
+    users = [
+      # MCP/Claude - test tier only
+      {
+        nkey = "UABC...";  # mcp-deployer
+        permissions = {
+          publish = [ "deploy.test.>" ];
+          subscribe = [ "deploy.responses.>" ];
+        };
+      }
+      # Admin - full access to all tiers
+      {
+        nkey = "UXYZ...";  # admin-deployer
+        permissions = {
+          publish = [ "deploy.test.>" "deploy.prod.>" ];
+          subscribe = [ "deploy.responses.>" ];
+        };
+      }
+      # Host listeners - subscribe to their tier, publish responses
+      {
+        nkey = "UDEF...";  # host-listener (one per host)
+        permissions = {
+          subscribe = [ "deploy.*.>" ];
+          publish = [ "deploy.responses.>" ];
+        };
+      }
+    ];
+  };
+};
+```
+
+**Host tier assignments** (via `homelab.host.tier`):
+| Tier | Hosts |
+|------|-------|
+| test | template1, nix-cache01, future test hosts |
+| prod | ns1, ns2, ha1, monitoring01, http-proxy, etc. |
+
+**Example deployment scenarios:**
+
+| Command | Subject | MCP | Admin |
+|---------|---------|-----|-------|
+| Deploy to ns1 | `deploy.prod.ns1` | ❌ | ✅ |
+| Deploy to template1 | `deploy.test.template1` | ✅ | ✅ |
+| Deploy to all test hosts | `deploy.test.all` | ✅ | ✅ |
+| Deploy to all prod hosts | `deploy.prod.all` | ❌ | ✅ |
+| Deploy to all DNS servers | `deploy.prod.role.dns` | ❌ | ✅ |
+
+All NKeys stored in Vault - MCP gets limited credentials, admin CLI gets full-access credentials.
+
+### Host Metadata
+
+Rather than defining `tier` in the listener config, use a central `homelab.host` module that provides host metadata for multiple consumers. This aligns with the approach proposed in `docs/plans/prometheus-scrape-target-labels.md`.
+
+**Status:** The `homelab.host` module is implemented in `modules/homelab/host.nix`.
+Hosts can be filtered by tier using `config.homelab.host.tier`.
+
+**Module definition (in `modules/homelab/host.nix`):**
+```nix
+homelab.host = {
+  tier = lib.mkOption {
+    type = lib.types.enum [ "test" "prod" ];
+    default = "prod";
+    description = "Deployment tier - controls which credentials can deploy to this host";
+  };
+
+  priority = lib.mkOption {
+    type = lib.types.enum [ "high" "low" ];
+    default = "high";
+    description = "Alerting priority - low priority hosts have relaxed thresholds";
+  };
+
+  role = lib.mkOption {
+    type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+    default = null;
+    description = "Primary role of this host (dns, database, monitoring, etc.)";
+  };
+
+  labels = lib.mkOption {
+    type = lib.types.attrsOf lib.types.str;
+    default = { };
+    description = "Additional free-form labels";
+  };
+};
+```
+
+**Consumers:**
+- `homelab-deploy` listener reads `config.homelab.host.tier` for subject subscription
+- Prometheus scrape config reads `priority`, `role`, `labels` for target labels
+- Future services can consume the same metadata
+
+**Example host config:**
+```nix
+# hosts/nix-cache01/configuration.nix
+homelab.host = {
+  tier = "test";      # can be deployed by MCP
+  priority = "low";   # relaxed alerting thresholds
+  role = "build-host";
+};
+
+# hosts/ns1/configuration.nix
+homelab.host = {
+  tier = "prod";      # requires admin credentials
+  priority = "high";
+  role = "dns";
+  labels.dns_role = "primary";
+};
+```
+
+## Implementation Steps
+
+### Phase 1: Core Binary + Listener
+
+1. **Create homelab-deploy repository**
+   - Initialize Go module
+   - Set up flake.nix with Go package build
+
+2. **Implement listener mode**
+   - NATS subscription logic
+   - nixos-rebuild execution
+   - Status reporting via NATS reply
+
+3. **Create NixOS module**
+   - Systemd service definition
+   - Configuration options (hostname, NATS URL, NKey path)
+   - Vault secret integration for NKeys
+
+4. **Create `homelab.host` module** (in nixos-servers)
+   - Define `tier`, `priority`, `role`, `labels` options
+   - This module is shared with Prometheus label work (see `docs/plans/prometheus-scrape-target-labels.md`)
+
+5. **Integrate with nixos-servers**
+   - Add flake input for homelab-deploy
+   - Import listener module in `system/`
+   - Set `homelab.host.tier` per host (test vs prod)
+
+6. **Configure NATS tiered permissions**
+   - Add deployer users to nats1 config (mcp-deployer, admin-deployer)
+   - Set up subject ACLs per user (test-only vs full access)
+   - Add deployer NKeys to Vault
+   - Create Terraform resources for NKey secrets
+
+### Phase 2: MCP + CLI
+
+7. **Implement MCP mode**
+   - MCP server with deploy/status tools
+   - Request/reply pattern for deployment feedback
+
+8. **Implement CLI commands**
+   - `deploy` command for manual deployments
+   - `status` command to check deployment state
+
+9. **Configure Claude Code**
+   - Add MCP server to configuration
+   - Document usage
+
+### Phase 3: Enhancements
+
+10. Add deployment locking (prevent concurrent deploys)
+11. Prometheus metrics for deployment status
+
+## Security Considerations
+
+- **Privilege escalation**: Listener runs as root to execute nixos-rebuild
+- **Input validation**: Strictly validate revision format (branch name or commit hash)
+- **Rate limiting**: Prevent rapid-fire deployments
+- **Audit logging**: Log all deployment requests with source identity
+- **Network isolation**: NATS only accessible from internal network
+
+## Decisions
+
+All open questions have been resolved. See Notes section for decision rationale.
+
+## Notes
+
+- The existing `nixos-rebuild-test` helper provides a good reference for the rebuild logic
+- Uses NATS request/reply pattern for immediate validation feedback and completion status
+- Consider using NATS headers for metadata (request ID, timestamp)
+- **Timeout decision**: Metrics show no-change upgrades complete in 5-55 seconds. A 10-minute default provides ample headroom for actual updates with package downloads. Per-host override available for hosts with known longer build times.
+- **Rollback**: Not needed as a separate feature - deploy an older commit hash to effectively rollback.
+- **Offline hosts**: No message persistence - if host is offline, deploy fails. Daily auto-upgrade is the safety net. Avoids complexity of JetStream deduplication (host coming online and applying 10 queued updates instead of just the latest).
+- **Deploy history**: Use existing Loki - listener logs deployments to journald, queryable via Loki. No need for separate JetStream persistence.
+- **Naming**: `homelab-deploy` - ties it to the infrastructure rather than implementation details.

docs/plans/prometheus-scrape-target-labels.md

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# Prometheus Scrape Target Labels
+
+## Goal
+
+Add support for custom per-host labels on Prometheus scrape targets, enabling alert rules to reference host metadata (priority, role) instead of hardcoding instance names.
+
+**Related:** This plan shares the `homelab.host` module with `docs/plans/nats-deploy-service.md`, which uses the same metadata for deployment tier assignment.
+
+## Motivation
+
+Some hosts have workloads that make generic alert thresholds inappropriate. For example, `nix-cache01` regularly hits high CPU during builds, requiring a longer `for` duration on `high_cpu_load`. Currently this is handled by excluding specific instance names in PromQL expressions, which is brittle and doesn't scale.
+
+With per-host labels, alert rules can use semantic filters like `{priority!="low"}` instead of `{instance!="nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100"}`.
+
+## Proposed Labels
+
+### `priority`
+
+Indicates alerting importance. Hosts with `priority = "low"` can have relaxed thresholds or longer durations in alert rules.
+
+Values: `"high"` (default), `"low"`
+
+### `role`
+
+Describes the function of the host. Useful for grouping in dashboards and targeting role-specific alert rules.
+
+Values: free-form string, e.g. `"dns"`, `"build-host"`, `"database"`, `"monitoring"`
+
+**Note on multiple roles:** Prometheus labels are strictly string values, not lists. For hosts that serve multiple roles there are a few options:
+
+- **Separate boolean labels:** `role_build_host = "true"`, `role_cache_server = "true"` -- flexible but verbose, and requires updating the module when new roles are added.
+- **Delimited string:** `role = "build-host,cache-server"` -- works with regex matchers (`{role=~".*build-host.*"}`), but regex matching is less clean and more error-prone.
+- **Pick a primary role:** `role = "build-host"` -- simplest, and probably sufficient since most hosts have one primary role.
+
+Recommendation: start with a single primary role string. If multi-role matching becomes a real need, switch to separate boolean labels.
+
+### `dns_role`
+
+For DNS servers specifically, distinguish between primary and secondary resolvers. The secondary resolver (ns2) receives very little traffic and has a cold cache, making generic cache hit ratio alerts inappropriate.
+
+Values: `"primary"`, `"secondary"`
+
+Example use case: The `unbound_low_cache_hit_ratio` alert fires on ns2 because its cache hit ratio (~62%) is lower than ns1 (~90%). This is expected behavior since ns2 gets ~100x less traffic. With a `dns_role` label, the alert can either exclude secondaries or use different thresholds:
+
+```promql
+# Only alert on primary DNS
+unbound_cache_hit_ratio < 0.7 and on(instance) unbound_up{dns_role="primary"}
+
+# Or use different thresholds
+(unbound_cache_hit_ratio < 0.7 and on(instance) unbound_up{dns_role="primary"})
+or
+(unbound_cache_hit_ratio < 0.5 and on(instance) unbound_up{dns_role="secondary"})
+```
+
+## Implementation
+
+This implementation uses a shared `homelab.host` module that provides host metadata for multiple consumers (Prometheus labels, deployment tiers, etc.). See also `docs/plans/nats-deploy-service.md` which uses the same module for deployment tier assignment.
+
+### 1. Create `homelab.host` module
+
+**Status:** Step 1 (Create `homelab.host` module) is complete. The module is in
+`modules/homelab/host.nix` with tier, priority, role, and labels options.
+
+Create `modules/homelab/host.nix` with shared host metadata options:
+
+```nix
+{ lib, ... }:
+{
+  options.homelab.host = {
+    tier = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.enum [ "test" "prod" ];
+      default = "prod";
+      description = "Deployment tier - controls which credentials can deploy to this host";
+    };
+
+    priority = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.enum [ "high" "low" ];
+      default = "high";
+      description = "Alerting priority - low priority hosts have relaxed thresholds";
+    };
+
+    role = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      default = null;
+      description = "Primary role of this host (dns, database, monitoring, etc.)";
+    };
+
+    labels = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.attrsOf lib.types.str;
+      default = { };
+      description = "Additional free-form labels (e.g., dns_role = 'primary')";
+    };
+  };
+}
+```
+
+Import this module in `modules/homelab/default.nix`.
+
+### 2. Update `lib/monitoring.nix`
+
+- `extractHostMonitoring` should also extract `homelab.host` values (priority, role, labels).
+- Build the combined label set from `homelab.host`:
+
+```nix
+# Combine structured options + free-form labels
+effectiveLabels =
+  (lib.optionalAttrs (host.priority != "high") { priority = host.priority; })
+  // (lib.optionalAttrs (host.role != null) { role = host.role; })
+  // host.labels;
+```
+
+- `generateNodeExporterTargets` returns structured `static_configs` entries, grouping targets by their label sets:
+
+```nix
+# Before (flat list):
+["ns1.home.2rjus.net:9100", "ns2.home.2rjus.net:9100", ...]
+
+# After (grouped by labels):
+[
+  { targets = ["ns1.home.2rjus.net:9100", "ns2.home.2rjus.net:9100", ...]; }
+  { targets = ["nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100"]; labels = { priority = "low"; role = "build-host"; }; }
+]
+```
+
+This requires grouping hosts by their label attrset and producing one `static_configs` entry per unique label combination. Hosts with default values (priority=high, no role, no labels) get grouped together with no extra labels (preserving current behavior).
+
+### 3. Update `services/monitoring/prometheus.nix`
+
+Change the node-exporter scrape config to use the new structured output:
+
+```nix
+# Before:
+static_configs = [{ targets = nodeExporterTargets; }];
+
+# After:
+static_configs = nodeExporterTargets;
+```
+
+### 4. Set metadata on hosts
+
+Example in `hosts/nix-cache01/configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+homelab.host = {
+  tier = "test";       # can be deployed by MCP (used by homelab-deploy)
+  priority = "low";    # relaxed alerting thresholds
+  role = "build-host";
+};
+```
+
+Example in `hosts/ns1/configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+homelab.host = {
+  tier = "prod";
+  priority = "high";
+  role = "dns";
+  labels.dns_role = "primary";
+};
+```
+
+### 5. Update alert rules
+
+After implementing labels, review and update `services/monitoring/rules.yml`:
+
+- Replace instance-name exclusions with label-based filters (e.g. `{priority!="low"}` instead of `{instance!="nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100"}`).
+- Consider whether any other rules should differentiate by priority or role.
+
+Specifically, the `high_cpu_load` rule currently has a nix-cache01 exclusion that should be replaced with a `priority`-based filter.
+
+### 6. Consider labels for `generateScrapeConfigs` (service targets)
+
+The same label propagation could be applied to service-level scrape targets. This is optional and can be deferred -- service targets are more specialized and less likely to need generic label-based filtering.

docs/plans/remote-access.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Remote Access to Homelab Services
+
+## Status: Planning
+
+## Goal
+
+Enable remote access to some or all homelab services from outside the internal network, without exposing anything directly to the internet.
+
+## Current State
+
+- All services are only accessible from the internal 10.69.13.x network
+- Exception: jelly01 has a WireGuard link to an external VPS
+- No services are directly exposed to the public internet
+
+## Constraints
+
+- Nothing should be directly accessible from the outside
+- Must use VPN or overlay network (no port forwarding of services)
+- Self-hosted solutions preferred over managed services
+
+## Options
+
+### 1. WireGuard Gateway (Internal Router)
+
+A dedicated NixOS host on the internal network with a WireGuard tunnel out to the VPS. The VPS becomes the public entry point, and the gateway routes traffic to internal services. Firewall rules on the gateway control which services are reachable.
+
+**Pros:**
+- Simple, well-understood technology
+- Already running WireGuard for jelly01
+- Full control over routing and firewall rules
+- Excellent NixOS module support
+- No extra dependencies
+
+**Cons:**
+- Hub-and-spoke topology (all traffic goes through VPS)
+- Manual peer management
+- Adding a new client device means editing configs on both VPS and gateway
+
+### 2. WireGuard Mesh (No Relay)
+
+Each client device connects directly to a WireGuard endpoint. Could be on the VPS which forwards to the homelab, or if there is a routable IP at home, directly to an internal host.
+
+**Pros:**
+- Simple and fast
+- No extra software
+
+**Cons:**
+- Manual key and endpoint management for every peer
+- Doesn't scale well
+- If behind CGNAT, still needs the VPS as intermediary
+
+### 3. Headscale (Self-Hosted Tailscale)
+
+Run a Headscale control server (on the VPS or internally) and install the Tailscale client on homelab hosts and personal devices. Gets the Tailscale mesh networking UX without depending on Tailscale's infrastructure.
+
+**Pros:**
+- Mesh topology - devices communicate directly via NAT traversal (DERP relay as fallback)
+- Easy to add/remove devices
+- ACL support for granular access control
+- MagicDNS for service discovery
+- Good NixOS support for both headscale server and tailscale client
+- Subnet routing lets you expose the entire 10.69.13.x network or specific hosts without installing tailscale on every host
+
+**Cons:**
+- More moving parts than plain WireGuard
+- Headscale is a third-party reimplementation, can lag behind Tailscale features
+- Need to run and maintain the control server
+
+### 4. Tailscale (Managed)
+
+Same as Headscale but using Tailscale's hosted control plane.
+
+**Pros:**
+- Zero infrastructure to manage on the control plane side
+- Polished UX, well-maintained clients
+- Free tier covers personal use
+
+**Cons:**
+- Dependency on Tailscale's service
+- Less aligned with self-hosting preference
+- Coordination metadata goes through their servers (data plane is still peer-to-peer)
+
+### 5. Netbird (Self-Hosted)
+
+Open-source alternative to Tailscale with a self-hostable management server. WireGuard-based, supports ACLs and NAT traversal.
+
+**Pros:**
+- Fully self-hostable
+- Web UI for management
+- ACL and peer grouping support
+
+**Cons:**
+- Heavier to self-host (needs multiple components: management server, signal server, TURN relay)
+- Less mature NixOS module support compared to Tailscale/Headscale
+
+### 6. Nebula (by Defined Networking)
+
+Certificate-based mesh VPN. Each node gets a certificate from a CA you control. No central coordination server needed at runtime.
+
+**Pros:**
+- No always-on control plane
+- Certificate-based identity
+- Lightweight
+
+**Cons:**
+- Less convenient for ad-hoc device addition (need to issue certs)
+- NAT traversal less mature than Tailscale's
+- Smaller community/ecosystem
+
+## Key Decision Points
+
+- **Static public IP vs CGNAT?** Determines whether clients can connect directly to home network or need VPS relay.
+- **Number of client devices?** If just phone and laptop, plain WireGuard via VPS is fine. More devices favors Headscale.
+- **Per-service vs per-network access?** Gateway with firewall rules gives per-service control. Headscale ACLs can also do this. Plain WireGuard gives network-level access with gateway firewall for finer control.
+- **Subnet routing vs per-host agents?** With Headscale/Tailscale, can either install client on every host, or use a single subnet router that advertises the 10.69.13.x range. The latter is closer to the gateway approach and avoids touching every host.
+
+## Leading Candidates
+
+Based on existing WireGuard experience, self-hosting preference, and NixOS stack:
+
+1. **Headscale with a subnet router** - Best balance of convenience and self-hosting
+2. **WireGuard gateway via VPS** - Simplest, most transparent, builds on existing setup

flake.lock

@@ -21,6 +21,27 @@
         "url": "https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/alerttonotify"
       }
     },
+    "homelab-deploy": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs-unstable"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1770447502,
+        "narHash": "sha256-xH1PNyE3ydj4udhe1IpK8VQxBPZETGLuORZdSWYRmSU=",
+        "ref": "master",
+        "rev": "79db119d1ca6630023947ef0a65896cc3307c2ff",
+        "revCount": 22,
+        "type": "git",
+        "url": "https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/homelab-deploy"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "ref": "master",
+        "type": "git",
+        "url": "https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/homelab-deploy"
+      }
+    },
     "labmon": {
       "inputs": {
         "nixpkgs": [
@@ -42,6 +63,26 @@
         "url": "https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/labmon"
       }
     },
+    "nixos-exporter": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs-unstable"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1770422522,
+        "narHash": "sha256-WmIFnquu4u58v8S2bOVWmknRwHn4x88CRfBFTzJ1inQ=",
+        "ref": "refs/heads/master",
+        "rev": "cf0ce858997af4d8dcc2ce10393ff393e17fc911",
+        "revCount": 11,
+        "type": "git",
+        "url": "https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/nixos-exporter"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "type": "git",
+        "url": "https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/nixos-exporter"
+      }
+    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
         "lastModified": 1770136044,
@@ -60,11 +101,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs-unstable": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1770181073,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ksTL7P9QC1WfZasNlaAdLOzqD8x5EPyods69YBqxSfk=",
+        "lastModified": 1770197578,
+        "narHash": "sha256-AYqlWrX09+HvGs8zM6ebZ1pwUqjkfpnv8mewYwAo+iM=",
         "owner": "nixos",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "bf922a59c5c9998a6584645f7d0de689512e444c",
+        "rev": "00c21e4c93d963c50d4c0c89bfa84ed6e0694df2",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -77,7 +118,9 @@
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "alerttonotify": "alerttonotify",
+        "homelab-deploy": "homelab-deploy",
         "labmon": "labmon",
+        "nixos-exporter": "nixos-exporter",
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
         "nixpkgs-unstable": "nixpkgs-unstable",
         "sops-nix": "sops-nix"

flake.nix

@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@
       url = "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/labmon?ref=master";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs-unstable";
     };
+    nixos-exporter = {
+      url = "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/nixos-exporter";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs-unstable";
+    };
+    homelab-deploy = {
+      url = "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/homelab-deploy?ref=master";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs-unstable";
+    };
   };
 
   outputs =
@@ -27,6 +35,8 @@
       sops-nix,
       alerttonotify,
       labmon,
+      nixos-exporter,
+      homelab-deploy,
       ...
     }@inputs:
     let
@@ -42,6 +52,20 @@
         alerttonotify.overlays.default
         labmon.overlays.default
       ];
+      # Common modules applied to all hosts
+      commonModules = [
+        (
+          { config, pkgs, ... }:
+          {
+            nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
+            system.configurationRevision = self.rev or self.dirtyRev or "dirty";
+          }
+        )
+        sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
+        nixos-exporter.nixosModules.default
+        homelab-deploy.nixosModules.default
+        ./modules/homelab
+      ];
       allSystems = [
         "x86_64-linux"
         "aarch64-linux"
@@ -58,15 +82,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/ns1
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         ns2 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -74,15 +91,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/ns2
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         ha1 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -90,15 +100,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/ha1
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         template1 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -106,15 +109,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/template
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         template2 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -122,15 +118,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/template2
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         http-proxy = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -138,15 +127,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/http-proxy
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         ca = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -154,15 +136,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/ca
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         monitoring01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -170,15 +145,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/monitoring01
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
             labmon.nixosModules.labmon
           ];
         };
@@ -187,15 +155,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/jelly01
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         nix-cache01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -203,15 +164,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/nix-cache01
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         pgdb1 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -219,15 +173,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/pgdb1
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         nats1 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -235,47 +182,8 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/nats1
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
-          ];
-        };
-        auth01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
-          inherit system;
-          specialArgs = {
-            inherit inputs self sops-nix;
-          };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
-            ./hosts/auth01
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
-          ];
-        };
-        testvm01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
-          inherit system;
-          specialArgs = {
-            inherit inputs self sops-nix;
-          };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
-            ./hosts/testvm01
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
         vault01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
@@ -283,31 +191,35 @@
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-          modules = [
-            (
-              { config, pkgs, ... }:
-              {
-                nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-              }
-            )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/vault01
-            sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         };
-      vaulttest01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
+        testvm01 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
           inherit system;
           specialArgs = {
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           };
-        modules = [
-          (
-            { config, pkgs, ... }:
-            {
-              nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-            }
-          )
-          ./hosts/vaulttest01
-          sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
+            ./hosts/testvm01
+          ];
+        };
+        testvm02 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
+          inherit system;
+          specialArgs = {
+            inherit inputs self sops-nix;
+          };
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
+            ./hosts/testvm02
+          ];
+        };
+        testvm03 = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
+          inherit system;
+          specialArgs = {
+            inherit inputs self sops-nix;
+          };
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
+            ./hosts/testvm03
           ];
         };
       };
@@ -322,11 +234,12 @@
         { pkgs }:
         {
           default = pkgs.mkShell {
-            packages = with pkgs; [
-              ansible
-              opentofu
-              openbao
+            packages = [
+              pkgs.ansible
+              pkgs.opentofu
+              pkgs.openbao
               (pkgs.callPackage ./scripts/create-host { })
+              homelab-deploy.packages.${pkgs.system}.default
             ];
           };
         }

hosts/auth01/default.nix

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{ ... }:
-{
-  imports = [
-    ./configuration.nix
-    ../../services/lldap
-    ../../services/authelia
-  ];
-}

hosts/ha1/configuration.nix

@@ -55,8 +55,17 @@
     git
   ];
 
+  # Vault secrets management
+  vault.enable = true;
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+  vault.secrets.backup-helper = {
+    secretPath = "shared/backup/password";
+    extractKey = "password";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/backup_helper_secret";
+    services = [ "restic-backups-ha1" ];
+  };
+
   # Backup service dirs
-  sops.secrets."backup_helper_secret" = { };
   services.restic.backups.ha1 = {
     repository = "rest:http://10.69.12.52:8000/backup-nix";
     passwordFile = "/run/secrets/backup_helper_secret";
@@ -68,6 +77,7 @@
     timerConfig = {
       OnCalendar = "daily";
       Persistent = true;
+      RandomizedDelaySec = "2h";
     };
     pruneOpts = [
       "--keep-daily 7"

hosts/http-proxy/configuration.nix

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
     "prometheus"
     "alertmanager"
     "jelly"
-    "auth"
-    "lldap"
     "pyroscope"
     "pushgw"
   ];
@@ -62,6 +60,9 @@
     "nix-command"
     "flakes"
   ];
+  vault.enable = true;
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
   nix.settings.tarball-ttl = 0;
   environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
     vim

hosts/http-proxy/wireguard.nix

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 { config, ... }:
 {
-  sops.secrets.wireguard_private_key = {
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/http-proxy/wireguard.yaml;
-    key = "wg_private_key";
+  vault.secrets.wireguard = {
+    secretPath = "hosts/http-proxy/wireguard";
+    extractKey = "private_key";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/wireguard_private_key";
+    services = [ "wireguard-wg0" ];
   };
+
   networking.wireguard = {
     enable = true;
     useNetworkd = true;
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@
         ips = [ "10.69.222.3/24" ];
         mtu = 1384;
         listenPort = 51820;
-        privateKeyFile = config.sops.secrets.wireguard_private_key.path;
+        privateKeyFile = "/run/secrets/wireguard_private_key";
         peers = [
           {
             name = "docker2.t-juice.club";

hosts/jump/configuration.nix

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
     ];
 
   nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
+
+  homelab.host.role = "bastion";
+
   # Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
   boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda";

hosts/monitoring01/configuration.nix

@@ -56,7 +56,16 @@
 
   services.qemuGuest.enable = true;
 
-  sops.secrets."backup_helper_secret" = { };
+  # Vault secrets management
+  vault.enable = true;
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+  vault.secrets.backup-helper = {
+    secretPath = "shared/backup/password";
+    extractKey = "password";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/backup_helper_secret";
+    services = [ "restic-backups-grafana" "restic-backups-grafana-db" ];
+  };
+
   services.restic.backups.grafana = {
     repository = "rest:http://10.69.12.52:8000/backup-nix";
     passwordFile = "/run/secrets/backup_helper_secret";
@@ -64,6 +73,7 @@
     timerConfig = {
       OnCalendar = "daily";
       Persistent = true;
+      RandomizedDelaySec = "2h";
     };
     pruneOpts = [
       "--keep-daily 7"
@@ -80,6 +90,7 @@
     timerConfig = {
       OnCalendar = "daily";
       Persistent = true;
+      RandomizedDelaySec = "2h";
     };
     pruneOpts = [
       "--keep-daily 7"

hosts/nix-cache01/configuration.nix

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
   homelab.dns.cnames = [ "nix-cache" "actions1" ];
 
+  homelab.host.role = "build-host";
+
   fileSystems."/nix" = {
     device = "/dev/disk/by-label/nixcache";
     fsType = "xfs";
@@ -52,6 +54,9 @@
     "nix-command"
     "flakes"
   ];
+  vault.enable = true;
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
   nix.settings.tarball-ttl = 0;
   environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
     vim

hosts/ns1/configuration.nix

@@ -47,6 +47,14 @@
     "nix-command"
     "flakes"
   ];
+  vault.enable = true;
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
+  homelab.host = {
+    role = "dns";
+    labels.dns_role = "primary";
+  };
+
   nix.settings.tarball-ttl = 0;
   environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
     vim

hosts/ns2/configuration.nix

@@ -47,6 +47,14 @@
     "nix-command"
     "flakes"
   ];
+  vault.enable = true;
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
+  homelab.host = {
+    role = "dns";
+    labels.dns_role = "secondary";
+  };
+
   environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
     vim
     wget

hosts/template/configuration.nix

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@
   # Template host - exclude from DNS zone generation
   homelab.dns.enable = false;
 
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";
+    priority = "low";
+  };
+
 
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
   boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda";

hosts/template/scripts.nix

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 { pkgs, ... }:
 let
-  prepare-host-script = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "prepare-host.sh"
-    ''
+  prepare-host-script = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+    name = "prepare-host.sh";
+    runtimeInputs = [ pkgs.age ];
+    text = ''
       echo "Removing machine-id"
       rm -f /etc/machine-id || true
 
@@ -24,8 +26,9 @@ let
       echo "Generate age key"
       rm -rf /var/lib/sops-nix || true
       mkdir -p /var/lib/sops-nix
-      ${pkgs.age}/bin/age-keygen -o /var/lib/sops-nix/key.txt
+      age-keygen -o /var/lib/sops-nix/key.txt
     '';
+  };
 in
 {
   environment.systemPackages = [ prepare-host-script ];

hosts/template2/configuration.nix

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@
     datasource_list = [ "ConfigDrive" "NoCloud" ];
   };
 
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";
+    priority = "low";
+  };
+
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
   boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
   networking.hostName = "nixos-template2";

hosts/template2/scripts.nix

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 { pkgs, ... }:
 let
-  prepare-host-script = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "prepare-host.sh"
-    ''
+  prepare-host-script = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+    name = "prepare-host.sh";
+    runtimeInputs = [ pkgs.age ];
+    text = ''
       echo "Removing machine-id"
       rm -f /etc/machine-id || true
 
@@ -24,8 +26,9 @@ let
       echo "Generate age key"
       rm -rf /var/lib/sops-nix || true
       mkdir -p /var/lib/sops-nix
-      ${pkgs.age}/bin/age-keygen -o /var/lib/sops-nix/key.txt
+      age-keygen -o /var/lib/sops-nix/key.txt
     '';
+  };
 in
 {
   environment.systemPackages = [ prepare-host-script ];

hosts/testvm01/configuration.nix

@@ -13,8 +13,16 @@
     ../../common/vm
   ];
 
-  # Test VM - exclude from DNS zone generation
-  homelab.dns.enable = false;
+  # Host metadata (adjust as needed)
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";  # Start in test tier, move to prod after validation
+  };
+
+  # Enable Vault integration
+  vault.enable = true;
+
+  # Enable remote deployment via NATS
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
 
   nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
@@ -24,7 +32,7 @@
   networking.domain = "home.2rjus.net";
   networking.useNetworkd = true;
   networking.useDHCP = false;
-  services.resolved.enable = false;
+  services.resolved.enable = true;
   networking.nameservers = [
     "10.69.13.5"
     "10.69.13.6"
@@ -34,7 +42,7 @@
   systemd.network.networks."ens18" = {
     matchConfig.Name = "ens18";
     address = [
-      "10.69.13.101/24"
+      "10.69.13.20/24"
     ];
     routes = [
       { Gateway = "10.69.13.1"; }

hosts/testvm02/configuration.nix

@@ -1,27 +1,34 @@
 {
+  config,
+  lib,
   pkgs,
   ...
 }:
 
 {
   imports = [
-    ../template/hardware-configuration.nix
+    ../template2/hardware-configuration.nix
 
     ../../system
     ../../common/vm
   ];
 
-  homelab.dns.cnames = [ "ldap" ];
-
-  nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
-  # Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
-  boot.loader.grub = {
-    enable = true;
-    device = "/dev/sda";
-    configurationLimit = 3;
+  # Host metadata (adjust as needed)
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";  # Start in test tier, move to prod after validation
   };
 
-  networking.hostName = "auth01";
+  # Enable Vault integration
+  vault.enable = true;
+
+  # Enable remote deployment via NATS
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
+  nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
+
+  networking.hostName = "testvm02";
   networking.domain = "home.2rjus.net";
   networking.useNetworkd = true;
   networking.useDHCP = false;
@@ -35,7 +42,7 @@
   systemd.network.networks."ens18" = {
     matchConfig.Name = "ens18";
     address = [
-      "10.69.13.18/24"
+      "10.69.13.21/24"
     ];
     routes = [
       { Gateway = "10.69.13.1"; }
@@ -55,13 +62,11 @@
     git
   ];
 
-  services.qemuGuest.enable = true;
-
   # Open ports in the firewall.
   # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
   # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
   # Or disable the firewall altogether.
   networking.firewall.enable = false;
 
-  system.stateVersion = "23.11"; # Did you read the comment?
+  system.stateVersion = "25.11"; # Did you read the comment?
 }

hosts/testvm03/configuration.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+
+{
+  imports = [
+    ../template2/hardware-configuration.nix
+
+    ../../system
+    ../../common/vm
+  ];
+
+  # Host metadata (adjust as needed)
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";  # Start in test tier, move to prod after validation
+  };
+
+  # Enable Vault integration
+  vault.enable = true;
+
+  # Enable remote deployment via NATS
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
+  nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
+  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
+
+  networking.hostName = "testvm03";
+  networking.domain = "home.2rjus.net";
+  networking.useNetworkd = true;
+  networking.useDHCP = false;
+  services.resolved.enable = true;
+  networking.nameservers = [
+    "10.69.13.5"
+    "10.69.13.6"
+  ];
+
+  systemd.network.enable = true;
+  systemd.network.networks."ens18" = {
+    matchConfig.Name = "ens18";
+    address = [
+      "10.69.13.22/24"
+    ];
+    routes = [
+      { Gateway = "10.69.13.1"; }
+    ];
+    linkConfig.RequiredForOnline = "routable";
+  };
+  time.timeZone = "Europe/Oslo";
+
+  nix.settings.experimental-features = [
+    "nix-command"
+    "flakes"
+  ];
+  nix.settings.tarball-ttl = 0;
+  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
+    vim
+    wget
+    git
+  ];
+
+  # Open ports in the firewall.
+  # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
+  # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
+  # Or disable the firewall altogether.
+  networking.firewall.enable = false;
+
+  system.stateVersion = "25.11"; # Did you read the comment?
+}

hosts/testvm03/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{ ... }: {
+  imports = [
+    ./configuration.nix
+  ];
+}

hosts/vault01/configuration.nix

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
   homelab.dns.cnames = [ "vault" ];
 
+  homelab.host.role = "vault";
+
   nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
   boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";

hosts/vaulttest01/configuration.nix

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-{
-  config,
-  lib,
-  pkgs,
-  ...
-}:
-
-{
-  imports = [
-    ../template2/hardware-configuration.nix
-
-    ../../system
-    ../../common/vm
-  ];
-
-  nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
-  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
-  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";
-
-  networking.hostName = "vaulttest01";
-  networking.domain = "home.2rjus.net";
-  networking.useNetworkd = true;
-  networking.useDHCP = false;
-  services.resolved.enable = true;
-  networking.nameservers = [
-    "10.69.13.5"
-    "10.69.13.6"
-  ];
-
-  systemd.network.enable = true;
-  systemd.network.networks."ens18" = {
-    matchConfig.Name = "ens18";
-    address = [
-      "10.69.13.150/24"
-    ];
-    routes = [
-      { Gateway = "10.69.13.1"; }
-    ];
-    linkConfig.RequiredForOnline = "routable";
-  };
-  time.timeZone = "Europe/Oslo";
-
-  nix.settings.experimental-features = [
-    "nix-command"
-    "flakes"
-  ];
-  nix.settings.tarball-ttl = 0;
-  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
-    vim
-    wget
-    git
-  ];
-
-  # Open ports in the firewall.
-  # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
-  # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
-  # Or disable the firewall altogether.
-  networking.firewall.enable = false;
-
-  # Testing config
-  # Enable Vault secrets management
-  vault.enable = true;
-
-  # Define a test secret
-  vault.secrets.test-service = {
-    secretPath = "hosts/vaulttest01/test-service";
-    restartTrigger = true;
-    restartInterval = "daily";
-    services = [ "vault-test" ];
-  };
-
-  # Create a test service that uses the secret
-  systemd.services.vault-test = {
-    description = "Test Vault secret fetching";
-    wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-    after = [ "vault-secret-test-service.service" ];
-
-    serviceConfig = {
-      Type = "oneshot";
-      RemainAfterExit = true;
-
-      ExecStart = pkgs.writeShellScript "vault-test" ''
-        echo "=== Vault Secret Test ==="
-        echo "Secret path: hosts/vaulttest01/test-service"
-
-        if [ -f /run/secrets/test-service/password ]; then
-          echo "✓ Password file exists"
-          echo "Password length: $(wc -c < /run/secrets/test-service/password)"
-        else
-          echo "✗ Password file missing!"
-          exit 1
-        fi
-
-        if [ -d /var/lib/vault/cache/test-service ]; then
-          echo "✓ Cache directory exists"
-        else
-          echo "✗ Cache directory missing!"
-          exit 1
-        fi
-
-        echo "Test successful!"
-      '';
-
-      StandardOutput = "journal+console";
-    };
-  };
-
-  # Test ACME certificate issuance from OpenBao PKI
-  # Override the global ACME server (from system/acme.nix) to use OpenBao instead of step-ca
-  security.acme.defaults.server = lib.mkForce "https://vault01.home.2rjus.net:8200/v1/pki_int/acme/directory";
-
-  # Request a certificate for this host
-  # Using HTTP-01 challenge with standalone listener on port 80
-  security.acme.certs."vaulttest01.home.2rjus.net" = {
-    listenHTTP = ":80";
-    enableDebugLogs = true;
-  };
-
-  system.stateVersion = "25.11"; # Did you read the comment?
-}
-

modules/homelab/default.nix

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 { ... }:
 {
   imports = [
+    ./deploy.nix
     ./dns.nix
+    ./host.nix
     ./monitoring.nix
   ];
 }

modules/homelab/deploy.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{ config, lib, ... }:
+
+{
+  options.homelab.deploy = {
+    enable = lib.mkEnableOption "homelab-deploy listener for NATS-based deployments";
+  };
+
+  config = {
+    assertions = [
+      {
+        assertion = config.homelab.deploy.enable -> config.vault.enable;
+        message = "homelab.deploy.enable requires vault.enable to be true (needed for NKey secret)";
+      }
+    ];
+  };
+}

modules/homelab/host.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{ lib, ... }:
+{
+  options.homelab.host = {
+    tier = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.enum [ "test" "prod" ];
+      default = "prod";
+      description = "Deployment tier - controls which credentials can deploy to this host";
+    };
+
+    priority = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.enum [ "high" "low" ];
+      default = "high";
+      description = "Alerting priority - low priority hosts have relaxed thresholds";
+    };
+
+    role = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+      default = null;
+      description = "Primary role of this host (dns, database, monitoring, etc.)";
+    };
+
+    labels = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.attrsOf lib.types.str;
+      default = { };
+      description = "Additional free-form labels (e.g., dns_role = 'primary')";
+    };
+  };
+}

playbooks/provision-approle.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+---
+# Provision OpenBao AppRole credentials to an existing host
+# Usage: nix develop -c ansible-playbook playbooks/provision-approle.yml -e hostname=ha1
+# Requires: BAO_ADDR and BAO_TOKEN environment variables set
+
+- name: Fetch AppRole credentials from OpenBao
+  hosts: localhost
+  connection: local
+  gather_facts: false
+
+  vars:
+    vault_addr: "{{ lookup('env', 'BAO_ADDR') | default('https://vault01.home.2rjus.net:8200', true) }}"
+    domain: "home.2rjus.net"
+
+  tasks:
+    - name: Validate hostname is provided
+      ansible.builtin.fail:
+        msg: "hostname variable is required. Use: -e hostname=<name>"
+      when: hostname is not defined
+
+    - name: Get role-id for host
+      ansible.builtin.command:
+        cmd: "bao read -field=role_id auth/approle/role/{{ hostname }}/role-id"
+      environment:
+        BAO_ADDR: "{{ vault_addr }}"
+        BAO_SKIP_VERIFY: "1"
+      register: role_id_result
+      changed_when: false
+
+    - name: Generate secret-id for host
+      ansible.builtin.command:
+        cmd: "bao write -field=secret_id -f auth/approle/role/{{ hostname }}/secret-id"
+      environment:
+        BAO_ADDR: "{{ vault_addr }}"
+        BAO_SKIP_VERIFY: "1"
+      register: secret_id_result
+      changed_when: true
+
+    - name: Add target host to inventory
+      ansible.builtin.add_host:
+        name: "{{ hostname }}.{{ domain }}"
+        groups: vault_target
+        ansible_user: root
+        vault_role_id: "{{ role_id_result.stdout }}"
+        vault_secret_id: "{{ secret_id_result.stdout }}"
+
+- name: Deploy AppRole credentials to host
+  hosts: vault_target
+  gather_facts: false
+
+  tasks:
+    - name: Create AppRole directory
+      ansible.builtin.file:
+        path: /var/lib/vault/approle
+        state: directory
+        mode: "0700"
+        owner: root
+        group: root
+
+    - name: Write role-id
+      ansible.builtin.copy:
+        content: "{{ vault_role_id }}"
+        dest: /var/lib/vault/approle/role-id
+        mode: "0600"
+        owner: root
+        group: root
+
+    - name: Write secret-id
+      ansible.builtin.copy:
+        content: "{{ vault_secret_id }}"
+        dest: /var/lib/vault/approle/secret-id
+        mode: "0600"
+        owner: root
+        group: root
+
+    - name: Display success
+      ansible.builtin.debug:
+        msg: "AppRole credentials provisioned to {{ inventory_hostname }}"

scripts/create-host/create_host.py

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ from manipulators import (
     remove_from_flake_nix,
     remove_from_terraform_vms,
     remove_from_vault_terraform,
+    remove_from_approle_tf,
+    find_host_secrets,
     check_entries_exist,
 )
 from models import HostConfig
@@ -255,7 +257,10 @@ def handle_remove(
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # Check what entries exist
-    flake_exists, terraform_exists, vault_exists = check_entries_exist(hostname, repo_root)
+    flake_exists, terraform_exists, vault_exists, approle_exists = check_entries_exist(hostname, repo_root)
+
+    # Check for secrets in secrets.tf
+    host_secrets = find_host_secrets(hostname, repo_root)
 
     # Collect all files in the host directory recursively
     files_in_host_dir = sorted([f for f in host_dir.rglob("*") if f.is_file()])
@@ -294,6 +299,21 @@ def handle_remove(
     else:
         console.print(f"  • terraform/vault/hosts-generated.tf [dim](not found)[/dim]")
 
+    if approle_exists:
+        console.print(f'  • terraform/vault/approle.tf (host_policies["{hostname}"])')
+    else:
+        console.print(f"  • terraform/vault/approle.tf [dim](not found)[/dim]")
+
+    # Warn about secrets in secrets.tf
+    if host_secrets:
+        console.print(f"\n[yellow]⚠️  Warning: Found {len(host_secrets)} secret(s) in terraform/vault/secrets.tf:[/yellow]")
+        for secret_path in host_secrets:
+            console.print(f'   • "{secret_path}"')
+        console.print(f"\n   [yellow]These will NOT be removed automatically.[/yellow]")
+        console.print(f"   After removal, manually edit secrets.tf and run:")
+        for secret_path in host_secrets:
+            console.print(f"   [white]vault kv delete secret/{secret_path}[/white]")
+
     # Warn about secrets directory
     if secrets_exist:
         console.print(f"\n[yellow]⚠️  Warning: secrets/{hostname}/ directory exists and will NOT be deleted[/yellow]")
@@ -323,6 +343,13 @@ def handle_remove(
         else:
             console.print("[yellow]⚠[/yellow]  Could not remove from terraform/vault/hosts-generated.tf")
 
+    # Remove from terraform/vault/approle.tf
+    if approle_exists:
+        if remove_from_approle_tf(hostname, repo_root):
+            console.print("[green]✓[/green] Removed from terraform/vault/approle.tf")
+        else:
+            console.print("[yellow]⚠[/yellow]  Could not remove from terraform/vault/approle.tf")
+
     # Remove from terraform/vms.tf
     if terraform_exists:
         if remove_from_terraform_vms(hostname, repo_root):
@@ -345,19 +372,34 @@ def handle_remove(
     console.print(f"\n[bold green]✓ Host {hostname} removed successfully![/bold green]\n")
 
     # Display next steps
-    display_removal_next_steps(hostname, vault_exists)
+    display_removal_next_steps(hostname, vault_exists, approle_exists, host_secrets)
 
 
-def display_removal_next_steps(hostname: str, had_vault: bool) -> None:
+def display_removal_next_steps(hostname: str, had_vault: bool, had_approle: bool, host_secrets: list) -> None:
     """Display next steps after successful removal."""
-    vault_file = " terraform/vault/hosts-generated.tf" if had_vault else ""
-    vault_apply = ""
+    vault_files = ""
     if had_vault:
+        vault_files += " terraform/vault/hosts-generated.tf"
+    if had_approle:
+        vault_files += " terraform/vault/approle.tf"
+
+    vault_apply = ""
+    if had_vault or had_approle:
         vault_apply = f"""
 3. Apply Vault changes:
    [white]cd terraform/vault && tofu apply[/white]
 """
 
+    secrets_cleanup = ""
+    if host_secrets:
+        secrets_cleanup = f"""
+5. Clean up secrets (manual):
+   Edit terraform/vault/secrets.tf to remove entries for {hostname}
+   Then delete from Vault:"""
+        for secret_path in host_secrets:
+            secrets_cleanup += f"\n   [white]vault kv delete secret/{secret_path}[/white]"
+        secrets_cleanup += "\n"
+
     next_steps = f"""[bold cyan]Next Steps:[/bold cyan]
 
 1. Review changes:
@@ -367,9 +409,9 @@ def display_removal_next_steps(hostname: str, had_vault: bool) -> None:
    [white]cd terraform && tofu destroy -target='proxmox_vm_qemu.vm["{hostname}"]'[/white]
 {vault_apply}
 4. Commit changes:
-   [white]git add -u hosts/{hostname} flake.nix terraform/vms.tf{vault_file}
+   [white]git add -u hosts/{hostname} flake.nix terraform/vms.tf{vault_files}
    git commit -m "hosts: remove {hostname}"[/white]
-"""
+{secrets_cleanup}"""
     console.print(Panel(next_steps, border_style="cyan"))
 
 

scripts/create-host/generators.py

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ resource "vault_approle_auth_backend_role" "generated_hosts" {
 
   backend            = vault_auth_backend.approle.path
   role_name          = each.key
-  token_policies     = ["host-\${each.key}"]
+  token_policies     = ["host-\${each.key}", "homelab-deploy"]
   secret_id_ttl      = 0  # Never expire (wrapped tokens provide time limit)
   token_ttl          = 3600
   token_max_ttl      = 3600

scripts/create-host/manipulators.py

@@ -101,7 +101,68 @@ def remove_from_vault_terraform(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> bool:
     return True
 
 
-def check_entries_exist(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> Tuple[bool, bool, bool]:
+def remove_from_approle_tf(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> bool:
+    """
+    Remove host entry from terraform/vault/approle.tf locals.host_policies.
+
+    Args:
+        hostname: Hostname to remove
+        repo_root: Path to repository root
+
+    Returns:
+        True if found and removed, False if not found
+    """
+    approle_path = repo_root / "terraform" / "vault" / "approle.tf"
+
+    if not approle_path.exists():
+        return False
+
+    content = approle_path.read_text()
+
+    # Check if hostname exists in host_policies
+    hostname_pattern = rf'^\s+"{re.escape(hostname)}" = \{{'
+    if not re.search(hostname_pattern, content, re.MULTILINE):
+        return False
+
+    # Match the entire block from "hostname" = { to closing }
+    # The block contains paths = [ ... ] and possibly extra_policies = [...]
+    replace_pattern = rf'\n?\s+"{re.escape(hostname)}" = \{{[^}}]*\}}\n?'
+    new_content, count = re.subn(replace_pattern, "\n", content, flags=re.DOTALL)
+
+    if count == 0:
+        return False
+
+    approle_path.write_text(new_content)
+    return True
+
+
+def find_host_secrets(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> list:
+    """
+    Find secrets in terraform/vault/secrets.tf that belong to a host.
+
+    Args:
+        hostname: Hostname to search for
+        repo_root: Path to repository root
+
+    Returns:
+        List of secret paths found (e.g., ["hosts/hostname/test-service"])
+    """
+    secrets_path = repo_root / "terraform" / "vault" / "secrets.tf"
+
+    if not secrets_path.exists():
+        return []
+
+    content = secrets_path.read_text()
+
+    # Find all secret paths matching hosts/{hostname}/
+    pattern = rf'"(hosts/{re.escape(hostname)}/[^"]+)"'
+    matches = re.findall(pattern, content)
+
+    # Return unique paths, preserving order
+    return list(dict.fromkeys(matches))
+
+
+def check_entries_exist(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> Tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool]:
     """
     Check which entries exist for a hostname.
 
@@ -110,7 +171,7 @@ def check_entries_exist(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> Tuple[bool, bool, boo
         repo_root: Path to repository root
 
     Returns:
-        Tuple of (flake_exists, terraform_vms_exists, vault_exists)
+        Tuple of (flake_exists, terraform_vms_exists, vault_generated_exists, approle_exists)
     """
     # Check flake.nix
     flake_path = repo_root / "flake.nix"
@@ -131,7 +192,15 @@ def check_entries_exist(hostname: str, repo_root: Path) -> Tuple[bool, bool, boo
         vault_content = vault_tf_path.read_text()
         vault_exists = f'"{hostname}"' in vault_content
 
-    return (flake_exists, terraform_exists, vault_exists)
+    # Check terraform/vault/approle.tf
+    approle_path = repo_root / "terraform" / "vault" / "approle.tf"
+    approle_exists = False
+    if approle_path.exists():
+        approle_content = approle_path.read_text()
+        approle_pattern = rf'^\s+"{re.escape(hostname)}" = \{{'
+        approle_exists = bool(re.search(approle_pattern, approle_content, re.MULTILINE))
+
+    return (flake_exists, terraform_exists, vault_exists, approle_exists)
 
 
 def update_flake_nix(config: HostConfig, repo_root: Path, force: bool = False) -> None:
@@ -152,15 +221,8 @@ def update_flake_nix(config: HostConfig, repo_root: Path, force: bool = False) -
           specialArgs = {{
             inherit inputs self sops-nix;
           }};
-        modules = [
-          (
-            {{ config, pkgs, ... }}:
-            {{
-              nixpkgs.overlays = commonOverlays;
-            }}
-          )
+          modules = commonModules ++ [
             ./hosts/{config.hostname}
-          sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
           ];
         }};
 """

scripts/create-host/templates/configuration.nix.j2

@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@
     ../../common/vm
   ];
 
+  # Host metadata (adjust as needed)
+  homelab.host = {
+    tier = "test";  # Start in test tier, move to prod after validation
+  };
+
+  # Enable Vault integration
+  vault.enable = true;
+
+  # Enable remote deployment via NATS
+  homelab.deploy.enable = true;
+
   nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
   boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
   boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/vda";

scripts/vault-fetch/vault-fetch.sh

@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ fetch_from_vault() {
 
     # Write each secret key to a separate file
     log "Writing secrets to $OUTPUT_DIR"
-    echo "$SECRET_DATA" | jq -r 'to_entries[] | "\(.key)\n\(.value)"' | while read -r key; read -r value; do
-        echo -n "$value" > "$OUTPUT_DIR/$key"
-        echo -n "$value" > "$CACHE_DIR/$key"
+    for key in $(echo "$SECRET_DATA" | jq -r 'keys[]'); do
+        echo "$SECRET_DATA" | jq -j --arg k "$key" '.[$k]' > "$OUTPUT_DIR/$key"
+        echo "$SECRET_DATA" | jq -j --arg k "$key" '.[$k]' > "$CACHE_DIR/$key"
         chmod 600 "$OUTPUT_DIR/$key"
         chmod 600 "$CACHE_DIR/$key"
         log "  - Wrote secret key: $key"

secrets/auth01/secrets.yaml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-authelia_ldap_password: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:x2UDMpqQKoRVSlDSmK5XiC9x4/WWzmjk7cwtFA70waAD7xYQfXEOV+AeX1LlFfj0qHYrhyn//TLsa+tJzb7HPEAfl8vYR4MdkVFOm5vjPWWoF5Ul8ZVn8+B1VJLbiXkexv0/hfXL8NMzEcp/pF4H0Yei7xaKezu9OPtGzKufHws=,iv:88RXaOj8Zy9fGeDLAE0ItY7TKCCzxn6F0+kU5+Zy/XU=,tag:yPdCJ9d139iO6J97thVVgA==,type:str]
-authelia_jwt_secret: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:9ZHkT2o5KZLmml95g8HZce8fNBmaWtRn+175Gaz0KhsndNl3zdgGq3hydRuoZuEgLVsherJImVmb5DQAZpv04lUEsDKCYeFNwAyYl4Go2jCp1fI53fdcRCKlNVZA37pMi4AYaCoe8vIl/cwPOOBDEwK5raOBnklCzVERoO0B8a0=,iv:9CTWCw0ImZR0OSrl2znbhpRHlzAxA5Cpcy98JeH9Z+Y=,tag:L+0xKqiwXTi7XiDYWA1Bcw==,type:str]
-authelia_storage_encryption_key_file: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:RfbcQK8+rrW/Krd2rbDfgo7YI2YvQKqpLuDtk5DZJNNhw4giBh5nFp/8LNeo8r39/oiJLYTe6FjTLBu72TZz2wWrJFsBqjwQ/3TfATQGdLUsaXXRDr88ezHLTiYvEHIHJhUS5qsr7VMwBam5e7YGWBe5sGZCE/nX41ijyPUjtOY=,iv:sayYcAC38cApAtL+cDhgGNjWaHn+furKRowKL6AmfdU=,tag:1IZpnlpvDWGLLpZyU9iJUw==,type:str]
-authelia_session_secret: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:4PaLv4RRA7/9Z8QzETXLwo3OctJ0mvzQkYmHsGGF97nq9QeB3eo0xj4FyuCbkJGGZ/huAyRgmFBTyscY3wgxoc4t+8BdlYcSbefEk1/xRFjmG8ooXLKhvGJ5c6t72KJRcqsEGTiC0l9CFJWQ2qYcjM4dPwG8z0tjUZ6j25Zfx4M=,iv:QORJkf0w6iyuRHM/xuql1s7K75Qa49ygq+lwHfrm9rk=,tag:/HZ/qI80fKjmuTRwIwmX8g==,type:str]
-lldap_user_pass: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:56gF7uqVQ+/J5/lY/N904Q==,iv:qtY1XhHs4WWA4kPY56NigPvX4OslO0koZepgdv947zg=,tag:UDmJs8FPXskp7rUS2Sxinw==,type:str]
-sops:
-    age:
-        - recipient: age1lznyk4ee7e7x8n92cq2n87kz9920473ks5u9jlhd3dczfzq4wamqept56u
-          enc: |
-            -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
-            YWdlLWVuY3J5cHRpb24ub3JnL3YxCi0+IFgyNTUxOSBlc1dxK3FKU2ZGWTNGUmxZ
-            aWx1NngySjVHclJTd3hXejJRTmVHRExReHcwCk55c0xMbGcyTktySkJZdHRZbzhK
-            bEI3RzBHQkROTU1qWXBoU1RqTXppdVkKLS0tIHkwZ0QyNTMydWRqUlBtTEdhZ05r
-            YVpuT1JadnlyN1hqNnJxYzVPT3pXN1UKDCeIv0xv+5pcoDdtYc+rYjwi8SLrqWth
-            vdWepxmV2edajZRqcwFEC9weOZ1j2lh7Z3hR6RSN/+X3sFpqkpw+Yg==
-            -----END AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
-        - recipient: age16prza00sqzuhwwcyakj6z4hvwkruwkqpmmrsn94a5ucgpkelncdq2ldctk
-          enc: |
-            -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
-            YWdlLWVuY3J5cHRpb24ub3JnL3YxCi0+IFgyNTUxOSAvbU0wNmFLelRmNmJTRlho
-            dTEwVXZqUVI5NHZkb1QyNUZ4R0pLVFZWVDM4CkhVc00zY2FKaVdNRXdGVk1ranpG
-            MlRWWGJmd2FWeFE1dXU4WHVFL0FHZ3MKLS0tIGt2ZWlaOW5wNkJnQVkrTDZWTnY0
-            RW5HRjA3cERCUU1CVWZhck12SGhTRUkK6k/zQ87TIETYouRBby7ujtwgpqIPKKv+
-            2aLJW6lSWMVzL/f3ZrIeg12tJjHs3f44EXR6j3tfLfSKog2iL8Y57w==
-            -----END AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
-    lastmodified: "2025-12-06T10:03:56Z"
-    mac: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:SRNqx5n+xg/cNGiyze3CGKufox3IuXmOKLqNRDeJhBNMBHC1iYYCjRdHEVXsl7XSiYe51dSwjV0KrJa/SG1pRVkuyT+xyPrTjT2/DyXN7A/CESSAkBIwI7lkZmIf8DkxB3CELF1PgjIr1o2isxlBnkAnhEBTxQ7t8AzpcH7I5yU=,iv:P3FGQurZrL0ed5UuBPRFk11T0VRFtL6xI4iQ4LmYTec=,tag:8gQL08ojjIMyCl5E0Qs/Ww==,type:str]
-    unencrypted_suffix: _unencrypted
-    version: 3.11.0

secrets/secrets.yaml

@@ -7,110 +7,101 @@ sops:
         - recipient: age1lznyk4ee7e7x8n92cq2n87kz9920473ks5u9jlhd3dczfzq4wamqept56u
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
-            YWdlLWVuY3J5cHRpb24ub3JnL3YxCi0+IFgyNTUxOSB0elpybDFQMmlXV21XaTBR
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         - recipient: age1hz2lz4k050ru3shrk5j3zk3f8azxmrp54pktw5a7nzjml4saudesx6jsl0
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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         - recipient: age1gq8434ku0xekqmvnseeunv83e779cg03c06gwrusnymdsr3rpufqx6vr3m
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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         - recipient: age1288993th0ge00reg4zqueyvmkrsvk829cs068eekjqfdprsrkeqql7mljk
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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         - recipient: age1vpns76ykll8jgdlu3h05cur4ew2t3k7u03kxdg8y6ypfhsfhq9fqyurjey
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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         - recipient: age1hchvlf3apn8g8jq2743pw53sd6v6ay6xu6lqk0qufrjeccan9vzsc7hdfq
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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         - recipient: age1w029fksjv0edrff9p7s03tgk3axecdkppqymfpwfn2nu2gsqqefqc37sxq
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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         - recipient: age1ha34qeksr4jeaecevqvv2afqem67eja2mvawlmrqsudch0e7fe7qtpsekv
           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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           enc: |
             -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
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-        - recipient: age16prza00sqzuhwwcyakj6z4hvwkruwkqpmmrsn94a5ucgpkelncdq2ldctk
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     lastmodified: "2025-02-11T21:18:22Z"
     mac: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:5//boMp1awc/2XAkSASSCuobpkxa0E6IKf3GR8xHpMoCD30FJsCwV7PgX3fR8OuLEhOJ7UguqMNQdNqG37RMacreuDmI1J8oCFKp+3M2j4kCbXaEo8bw7WAtyjUez+SAXKzZWYmBibH0KOy6jdt+v0fdgy5hMBT4IFDofYRsyD0=,iv:6pD+SLwncpmal/FR4U8It2njvaQfUzzpALBCxa0NyME=,tag:4QN8ZFjdqck5ZgulF+FtbA==,type:str]

services/actions-runner/default.nix

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 { pkgs, config, ... }:
 {
-  sops.secrets."actions-token-1" = {
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/nix-cache01/actions_token_1;
-    format = "binary";
+  vault.secrets.actions-token = {
+    secretPath = "hosts/nix-cache01/actions-token";
+    extractKey = "token";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/actions-token-1";
+    services = [ "gitea-runner-actions1" ];
   };
 
   virtualisation.podman = {
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@
   services.gitea-actions-runner.instances = {
     actions1 = {
       enable = true;
-      tokenFile = config.sops.secrets.actions-token-1.path;
+      tokenFile = "/run/secrets/actions-token-1";
       name = "actions1.home.2rjus.net";
       settings = {
         log = {

services/authelia/default.nix

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-{ config, ... }:
-{
-  sops.secrets.authelia_ldap_password = {
-    format = "yaml";
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/auth01/secrets.yaml;
-    key = "authelia_ldap_password";
-    restartUnits = [ "authelia-auth.service" ];
-    owner = "authelia-auth";
-    group = "authelia-auth";
-  };
-  sops.secrets.authelia_jwt_secret = {
-    format = "yaml";
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/auth01/secrets.yaml;
-    key = "authelia_jwt_secret";
-    restartUnits = [ "authelia-auth.service" ];
-    owner = "authelia-auth";
-    group = "authelia-auth";
-  };
-  sops.secrets.authelia_storage_encryption_key_file = {
-    format = "yaml";
-    key = "authelia_storage_encryption_key_file";
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/auth01/secrets.yaml;
-    restartUnits = [ "authelia-auth.service" ];
-    owner = "authelia-auth";
-    group = "authelia-auth";
-  };
-  sops.secrets.authelia_session_secret = {
-    format = "yaml";
-    key = "authelia_session_secret";
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/auth01/secrets.yaml;
-    restartUnits = [ "authelia-auth.service" ];
-    owner = "authelia-auth";
-    group = "authelia-auth";
-  };
-
-  services.authelia.instances."auth" = {
-    enable = true;
-    environmentVariables = {
-      AUTHELIA_AUTHENTICATION_BACKEND_LDAP_PASSWORD_FILE =
-        config.sops.secrets.authelia_ldap_password.path;
-      AUTHELIA_SESSION_SECRET_FILE = config.sops.secrets.authelia_session_secret.path;
-    };
-    secrets = {
-      jwtSecretFile = config.sops.secrets.authelia_jwt_secret.path;
-      storageEncryptionKeyFile = config.sops.secrets.authelia_storage_encryption_key_file.path;
-    };
-    settings = {
-      access_control = {
-        default_policy = "two_factor";
-      };
-      session = {
-        # secret = "{{- fileContent \"${config.sops.secrets.authelia_session_secret.path}\" }}";
-        cookies = [
-          {
-            domain = "home.2rjus.net";
-            authelia_url = "https://auth.home.2rjus.net";
-            default_redirection_url = "https://dashboard.home.2rjus.net";
-            name = "authelia_session";
-            same_site = "lax";
-            inactivity = "1h";
-            expiration = "24h";
-            remember_me = "30d";
-          }
-        ];
-      };
-      notifier = {
-        filesystem.filename = "/var/lib/authelia-auth/notification.txt";
-      };
-      storage = {
-        local.path = "/var/lib/authelia-auth/db.sqlite3";
-      };
-      authentication_backend = {
-        password_reset = {
-          disable = false;
-        };
-        ldap = {
-          address = "ldap://127.0.0.1:3890";
-          implementation = "lldap";
-          timeout = "5s";
-          base_dn = "dc=home,dc=2rjus,dc=net";
-          user = "uid=authelia_ldap_user,ou=people,dc=home,dc=2rjus,dc=net";
-          # password = "{{- fileContent \"${config.sops.secrets.authelia_ldap_password.path}\" -}}";
-        };
-      };
-    };
-  };
-}

services/home-assistant/default.nix

@@ -69,6 +69,44 @@
       frontend = true;
       permit_join = false;
       serial.port = "/dev/ttyUSB0";
+
+      # Inline device configuration (replaces devices.yaml)
+      # This allows declarative management and homeassistant overrides
+      devices = {
+        # Temperature sensors with battery fix
+        # WSDCGQ12LM sensors report battery: 0 due to firmware quirk
+        # Override battery calculation using voltage (mV): (voltage - 2100) / 9
+        "0x54ef441000a547bd" = {
+          friendly_name = "0x54ef441000a547bd";
+          homeassistant.battery.value_template = "{{ (((value_json.voltage | float) - 2100) / 9) | round(0) | int | min(100) | max(0) }}";
+        };
+        "0x54ef441000a54d3c" = {
+          friendly_name = "0x54ef441000a54d3c";
+          homeassistant.battery.value_template = "{{ (((value_json.voltage | float) - 2100) / 9) | round(0) | int | min(100) | max(0) }}";
+        };
+        "0x54ef441000a564b6" = {
+          friendly_name = "temp_server";
+          homeassistant.battery.value_template = "{{ (((value_json.voltage | float) - 2100) / 9) | round(0) | int | min(100) | max(0) }}";
+        };
+
+        # Other sensors
+        "0x00124b0025495463".friendly_name = "0x00124b0025495463"; # SONOFF temp sensor (battery works)
+        "0x54ef4410009ac117".friendly_name = "0x54ef4410009ac117"; # Water leak sensor
+
+        # Buttons
+        "0x54ef441000a1f907".friendly_name = "btn_livingroom";
+        "0x54ef441000a1ee71".friendly_name = "btn_bedroom";
+
+        # Philips Hue lights
+        "0x001788010d1b599a" = {
+          friendly_name = "0x001788010d1b599a";
+          transition = 5;
+        };
+        "0x001788010d253b99".friendly_name = "0x001788010d253b99";
+        "0x001788010e371aa4".friendly_name = "0x001788010e371aa4";
+        "0x001788010dc5f003".friendly_name = "0x001788010dc5f003";
+        "0x001788010dc35d06".friendly_name = "0x001788010dc35d06";
+      };
     };
   };
 }

services/http-proxy/proxy.nix

@@ -86,22 +86,6 @@
         }
         reverse_proxy http://jelly01.home.2rjus.net:8096
       }
-      lldap.home.2rjus.net {
-        log {
-          output file /var/log/caddy/auth.log {
-            mode 644
-          }
-        }
-        reverse_proxy http://auth01.home.2rjus.net:17170
-      }
-      auth.home.2rjus.net {
-        log {
-          output file /var/log/caddy/auth.log {
-            mode 644
-          }
-        }
-        reverse_proxy http://auth01.home.2rjus.net:9091
-      }
       pyroscope.home.2rjus.net {
         log {
           output file /var/log/caddy/pyroscope.log {

services/lldap/default.nix

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-{ config, ... }:
-{
-  sops.secrets.lldap_user_pass = {
-    format = "yaml";
-    key = "lldap_user_pass";
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/auth01/secrets.yaml;
-    restartUnits = [ "lldap.service" ];
-    group = "acme";
-    mode = "0440";
-  };
-
-  services.lldap = {
-    enable = true;
-    settings = {
-      ldap_base_dn = "dc=home,dc=2rjus,dc=net";
-      ldap_user_email = "admin@home.2rjus.net";
-      ldap_user_dn = "admin";
-      ldap_user_pass_file = config.sops.secrets.lldap_user_pass.path;
-      ldaps_options = {
-        enabled = true;
-        port = 6360;
-        cert_file = "/var/lib/acme/auth01.home.2rjus.net/cert.pem";
-        key_file = "/var/lib/acme/auth01.home.2rjus.net/key.pem";
-      };
-    };
-  };
-  systemd.services.lldap = {
-    serviceConfig = {
-      SupplementaryGroups = [ "acme" ];
-    };
-  };
-  security.acme.certs."auth01.home.2rjus.net" = {
-    listenHTTP = ":80";
-    reloadServices = [ "lldap" ];
-    extraDomainNames = [ "ldap.home.2rjus.net" ];
-    enableDebugLogs = true;
-  };
-}

services/monitoring/alerttonotify.nix

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 { pkgs, config, ... }:
 {
-  sops.secrets."nats_nkey" = { };
+  vault.secrets.nats-nkey = {
+    secretPath = "shared/nats/nkey";
+    extractKey = "nkey";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/nats_nkey";
+    services = [ "alerttonotify" ];
+  };
+
   systemd.services."alerttonotify" = {
     enable = true;
     wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
     after = [
       "network-online.target"
-      "sops-nix.service"
+      "vault-secret-nats-nkey.service"
     ];
     wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
     restartIfChanged = true;

services/monitoring/prometheus.nix

@@ -1,14 +1,82 @@
-{ self, lib, ... }:
+{ self, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
   monLib = import ../../lib/monitoring.nix { inherit lib; };
   externalTargets = import ./external-targets.nix;
 
   nodeExporterTargets = monLib.generateNodeExporterTargets self externalTargets;
   autoScrapeConfigs = monLib.generateScrapeConfigs self externalTargets;
+
+  # Script to fetch AppRole token for Prometheus to use when scraping OpenBao metrics
+  fetchOpenbaoToken = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+    name = "fetch-openbao-token";
+    runtimeInputs = [ pkgs.curl pkgs.jq ];
+    text = ''
+      VAULT_ADDR="https://vault01.home.2rjus.net:8200"
+      APPROLE_DIR="/var/lib/vault/approle"
+      OUTPUT_FILE="/run/secrets/prometheus/openbao-token"
+
+      # Read AppRole credentials
+      if [ ! -f "$APPROLE_DIR/role-id" ] || [ ! -f "$APPROLE_DIR/secret-id" ]; then
+        echo "AppRole credentials not found at $APPROLE_DIR" >&2
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      ROLE_ID=$(cat "$APPROLE_DIR/role-id")
+      SECRET_ID=$(cat "$APPROLE_DIR/secret-id")
+
+      # Authenticate to Vault
+      AUTH_RESPONSE=$(curl -sf -k -X POST \
+        -d "{\"role_id\":\"$ROLE_ID\",\"secret_id\":\"$SECRET_ID\"}" \
+        "$VAULT_ADDR/v1/auth/approle/login")
+
+      # Extract token
+      VAULT_TOKEN=$(echo "$AUTH_RESPONSE" | jq -r '.auth.client_token')
+      if [ -z "$VAULT_TOKEN" ] || [ "$VAULT_TOKEN" = "null" ]; then
+        echo "Failed to extract Vault token from response" >&2
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      # Write token to file
+      mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUTPUT_FILE")"
+      echo -n "$VAULT_TOKEN" > "$OUTPUT_FILE"
+      chown prometheus:prometheus "$OUTPUT_FILE"
+      chmod 0400 "$OUTPUT_FILE"
+
+      echo "Successfully fetched OpenBao token"
+    '';
+  };
 in
 {
+  # Systemd service to fetch AppRole token for Prometheus OpenBao scraping
+  # The token is used to authenticate when scraping /v1/sys/metrics
+  systemd.services.prometheus-openbao-token = {
+    description = "Fetch OpenBao token for Prometheus metrics scraping";
+    after = [ "network-online.target" ];
+    wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
+    before = [ "prometheus.service" ];
+    requiredBy = [ "prometheus.service" ];
+
+    serviceConfig = {
+      Type = "oneshot";
+      ExecStart = lib.getExe fetchOpenbaoToken;
+    };
+  };
+
+  # Timer to periodically refresh the token (AppRole tokens have 1-hour TTL)
+  systemd.timers.prometheus-openbao-token = {
+    description = "Refresh OpenBao token for Prometheus";
+    wantedBy = [ "timers.target" ];
+    timerConfig = {
+      OnBootSec = "5min";
+      OnUnitActiveSec = "30min";
+      RandomizedDelaySec = "5min";
+    };
+  };
+
   services.prometheus = {
     enable = true;
+    # syntax-only check because we use external credential files (e.g., openbao-token)
+    checkConfig = "syntax-only";
     alertmanager = {
       enable = true;
       configuration = {
@@ -61,6 +129,15 @@ in
           }
         ];
       }
+      # Systemd exporter on all hosts (same targets, different port)
+      {
+        job_name = "systemd-exporter";
+        static_configs = [
+          {
+            targets = map (t: builtins.replaceStrings [":9100"] [":9558"] t) nodeExporterTargets;
+          }
+        ];
+      }
       # Local monitoring services (not auto-generated)
       {
         job_name = "prometheus";
@@ -152,6 +229,22 @@ in
           }
         ];
       }
+      # OpenBao metrics with bearer token auth
+      {
+        job_name = "openbao";
+        scheme = "https";
+        metrics_path = "/v1/sys/metrics";
+        params = {
+          format = [ "prometheus" ];
+        };
+        static_configs = [{
+          targets = [ "vault01.home.2rjus.net:8200" ];
+        }];
+        authorization = {
+          type = "Bearer";
+          credentials_file = "/run/secrets/prometheus/openbao-token";
+        };
+      }
     ] ++ autoScrapeConfigs;
 
     pushgateway = {

services/monitoring/pve.nix

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 { config, ... }:
 {
-  sops.secrets.pve_exporter = {
-    format = "yaml";
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/monitoring01/pve-exporter.yaml;
-    key = "";
+  vault.secrets.pve-exporter = {
+    secretPath = "hosts/monitoring01/pve-exporter";
+    extractKey = "config";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/pve_exporter";
     mode = "0444";
+    services = [ "prometheus-pve-exporter" ];
   };
+
   services.prometheus.exporters.pve = {
     enable = true;
-    configFile = config.sops.secrets.pve_exporter.path;
+    configFile = "/run/secrets/pve_exporter";
     collectors = {
       cluster = false;
       replication = false;

services/monitoring/rules.yml

@@ -18,13 +18,21 @@ groups:
           summary: "Disk space low on {{ $labels.instance }}"
           description: "Disk space is low on {{ $labels.instance }}. Please check."
       - alert: high_cpu_load
-        expr: max(node_load5{}) by (instance) > (count by (instance)(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}) * 0.7)
+        expr: max(node_load5{instance!="nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100"}) by (instance) > (count by (instance)(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance!="nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100", mode="idle"}) * 0.7)
         for: 15m
         labels:
           severity: warning
         annotations:
           summary: "High CPU load on {{ $labels.instance }}"
           description: "CPU load is high on {{ $labels.instance }}. Please check."
+      - alert: high_cpu_load
+        expr: max(node_load5{instance="nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100"}) by (instance) > (count by (instance)(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance="nix-cache01.home.2rjus.net:9100", mode="idle"}) * 0.7)
+        for: 2h
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "High CPU load on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "CPU load is high on {{ $labels.instance }}. Please check."
       - alert: low_memory
         expr: node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 < 10
         for: 2m
@@ -67,12 +75,12 @@ groups:
           description: "Based on the last 6h trend, the root filesystem on {{ $labels.instance }} is predicted to run out of space within 24 hours."
       - alert: systemd_not_running
         expr: node_systemd_system_running == 0
-        for: 5m
+        for: 10m
         labels:
-          severity: critical
+          severity: warning
         annotations:
           summary: "Systemd not in running state on {{ $labels.instance }}"
-          description: "Systemd is not in running state on {{ $labels.instance }}. The system may be in a degraded state."
+          description: "Systemd is not in running state on {{ $labels.instance }}. The system may be in a degraded state. Note: brief degraded states during nixos-rebuild are normal."
       - alert: high_file_descriptors
         expr: node_filefd_allocated / node_filefd_maximum > 0.8
         for: 5m
@@ -107,6 +115,14 @@ groups:
         annotations:
           summary: "NSD not running on {{ $labels.instance }}"
           description: "NSD has been down on {{ $labels.instance }} more than 5 minutes."
+      - alert: unbound_low_cache_hit_ratio
+        expr: (rate(unbound_cache_hits_total[5m]) / (rate(unbound_cache_hits_total[5m]) + rate(unbound_cache_misses_total[5m]))) < 0.5
+        for: 15m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Low DNS cache hit ratio on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "Unbound cache hit ratio is below 50% on {{ $labels.instance }}."
   - name: http_proxy_rules
     rules:
       - alert: caddy_down
@@ -143,6 +159,14 @@ groups:
         annotations:
           summary: "NATS not running on {{ $labels.instance }}"
           description: "NATS has been down on {{ $labels.instance }} more than 5 minutes."
+      - alert: nats_slow_consumers
+        expr: nats_core_slow_consumer_count > 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "NATS has slow consumers on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "NATS has {{ $value }} slow consumers on {{ $labels.instance }}."
   - name: nix_cache_rules
     rules:
       - alert: build_flakes_service_not_active_recently
@@ -202,6 +226,14 @@ groups:
         annotations:
           summary: "Mosquitto not running on {{ $labels.instance }}"
           description: "Mosquitto has been down on {{ $labels.instance }} more than 5 minutes."
+      - alert: zigbee_sensor_stale
+        expr: (time() - hass_last_updated_time_seconds{entity=~"sensor\\.(0x[0-9a-f]+|temp_server)_temperature"}) > 7200
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Zigbee sensor {{ $labels.friendly_name }} is stale"
+          description: "Zigbee temperature sensor {{ $labels.entity }} has not reported data for over 2 hours. The sensor may have a dead battery or connectivity issues."
   - name: smartctl_rules
     rules:
       - alert: smart_critical_warning
@@ -356,3 +388,65 @@ groups:
         annotations:
           summary: "Proxmox VM {{ $labels.id }} is stopped"
           description: "Proxmox VM {{ $labels.id }} ({{ $labels.name }}) has onboot=1 but is stopped."
+  - name: postgres_rules
+    rules:
+      - alert: postgres_down
+        expr: node_systemd_unit_state{instance="pgdb1.home.2rjus.net:9100", name="postgresql.service", state="active"} == 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "PostgreSQL not running on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "PostgreSQL has been down on {{ $labels.instance }} more than 5 minutes."
+      - alert: postgres_exporter_down
+        expr: up{job="postgres"} == 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "PostgreSQL exporter down on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "Cannot scrape PostgreSQL metrics from {{ $labels.instance }}."
+      - alert: postgres_high_connections
+        expr: pg_stat_activity_count / pg_settings_max_connections > 0.8
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "PostgreSQL connection pool near exhaustion on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "PostgreSQL is using over 80% of max_connections on {{ $labels.instance }}."
+  - name: jellyfin_rules
+    rules:
+      - alert: jellyfin_down
+        expr: up{job="jellyfin"} == 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Jellyfin not responding on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "Cannot scrape Jellyfin metrics from {{ $labels.instance }} for 5 minutes."
+  - name: vault_rules
+    rules:
+      - alert: openbao_down
+        expr: node_systemd_unit_state{instance="vault01.home.2rjus.net:9100", name="openbao.service", state="active"} == 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "OpenBao not running on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "OpenBao has been down on {{ $labels.instance }} more than 5 minutes."
+      - alert: openbao_sealed
+        expr: vault_core_unsealed == 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: critical
+        annotations:
+          summary: "OpenBao is sealed on {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "OpenBao has been sealed on {{ $labels.instance }} for more than 5 minutes."
+      - alert: openbao_scrape_down
+        expr: up{job="openbao"} == 0
+        for: 5m
+        labels:
+          severity: warning
+        annotations:
+          summary: "Cannot scrape OpenBao metrics from {{ $labels.instance }}"
+          description: "OpenBao metrics endpoint is not responding on {{ $labels.instance }}."

services/nats/default.nix

@@ -1,10 +1,28 @@
 { ... }:
 {
+  homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [
+    {
+      job_name = "nats";
+      port = 7777;
+    }
+  ];
+
+  services.prometheus.exporters.nats = {
+    enable = true;
+    url = "http://localhost:8222";
+    extraFlags = [
+      "-varz" # General server info
+      "-connz" # Connection info
+      "-jsz=all" # JetStream info
+    ];
+  };
+
   services.nats = {
     enable = true;
     jetstream = true;
     serverName = "nats1";
     settings = {
+      http_port = 8222;
       accounts = {
         ADMIN = {
           users = [
@@ -22,6 +40,48 @@
             }
           ];
         };
+
+        DEPLOY = {
+          users = [
+            # Shared listener (all hosts use this)
+            {
+              nkey = "UCCZJSUGLCSLBBKHBPL4QA66TUMQUGIXGLIFTWDEH43MGWM3LDD232X4";
+              permissions = {
+                subscribe = [
+                  "deploy.test.>"
+                  "deploy.prod.>"
+                  "deploy.discover"
+                ];
+                publish = [
+                  "deploy.responses.>"
+                  "deploy.discover"
+                ];
+              };
+            }
+            # Test deployer (MCP without admin)
+            {
+              nkey = "UBR66CX2ZNY5XNVQF5VBG4WFAF54LSGUYCUNNCEYRILDQ4NXDAD2THZU";
+              permissions = {
+                publish = [
+                  "deploy.test.>"
+                  "deploy.discover"
+                ];
+                subscribe = [
+                  "deploy.responses.>"
+                  "deploy.discover"
+                ];
+              };
+            }
+            # Admin deployer (full access)
+            {
+              nkey = "UD2BFB7DLM67P5UUVCKBUJMCHADIZLGGVUNSRLZE2ZC66FW2XT44P73Y";
+              permissions = {
+                publish = [ "deploy.>" ];
+                subscribe = [ "deploy.>" ];
+              };
+            }
+          ];
+        };
       };
       system_account = "ADMIN";
       jetstream = {

services/nix-cache/harmonia.nix

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 { pkgs, config, ... }:
 {
-  sops.secrets."cache-secret" = {
-    sopsFile = ../../secrets/nix-cache01/cache-secret;
-    format = "binary";
+  vault.secrets.cache-secret = {
+    secretPath = "hosts/nix-cache01/cache-secret";
+    extractKey = "key";
+    outputDir = "/run/secrets/cache-secret";
+    services = [ "harmonia" ];
   };
 
   services.harmonia = {
     enable = true;
     package = pkgs.unstable.harmonia;
-    signKeyPaths = [ config.sops.secrets.cache-secret.path ];
+    signKeyPaths = [ "/run/secrets/cache-secret" ];
   };
   systemd.services.harmonia = {
     environment.RUST_LOG = "info,actix_web=debug";

services/ns/master-authorative.nix

@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@ let
   };
 in
 {
-  sops.secrets.ns_xfer_key = {
-    path = "/etc/nsd/xfer.key";
+  vault.secrets.ns-xfer-key = {
+    secretPath = "shared/dns/xfer-key";
+    extractKey = "key";
+    outputDir = "/etc/nsd/xfer.key";
+    services = [ "nsd" ];
   };
 
   networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 8053 ];

services/ns/resolver.nix

@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
 { pkgs, ... }: {
+  homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [{
+    job_name = "unbound";
+    port = 9167;
+  }];
+
   networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [
     53
   ];
   networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [
     53
   ];
+
+  services.prometheus.exporters.unbound = {
+    enable = true;
+    unbound.host = "unix:///run/unbound/unbound.ctl";
+  };
+
+  # Grant exporter access to unbound socket
+  systemd.services.prometheus-unbound-exporter.serviceConfig.SupplementaryGroups = [ "unbound" ];
+
   services.unbound = {
     enable = true;
 
@@ -23,6 +37,11 @@
         do-ip6 = "no";
         do-udp = "yes";
         do-tcp = "yes";
+        extended-statistics = true;
+      };
+      remote-control = {
+        control-enable = true;
+        control-interface = "/run/unbound/unbound.ctl";
       };
       stub-zone = {
         name = "home.2rjus.net";

services/ns/secondary-authorative.nix

@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@ let
   };
 in
 {
-  sops.secrets.ns_xfer_key = {
-    path = "/etc/nsd/xfer.key";
+  vault.secrets.ns-xfer-key = {
+    secretPath = "shared/dns/xfer-key";
+    extractKey = "key";
+    outputDir = "/etc/nsd/xfer.key";
+    services = [ "nsd" ];
   };
   networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 8053 ];
   networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ 8053 ];

services/postgres/postgres.nix

@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 { pkgs, ... }:
 {
+  homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [{
+    job_name = "postgres";
+    port = 9187;
+  }];
+
+  services.prometheus.exporters.postgres = {
+    enable = true;
+    runAsLocalSuperUser = true; # Use peer auth as postgres user
+  };
+
   services.postgresql = {
     enable = true;
     enableJIT = true;

services/vault/default.nix

@@ -166,6 +166,11 @@ in
     settings = {
       ui = true;
 
+      telemetry = {
+        prometheus_retention_time = "60s";
+        disable_hostname = true;
+      };
+
       storage.file.path = "/var/lib/openbao";
       listener.default = {
         type = "tcp";

system/default.nix

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
   imports = [
     ./acme.nix
     ./autoupgrade.nix
+    ./homelab-deploy.nix
     ./monitoring
+    ./motd.nix
     ./packages.nix
     ./nix.nix
     ./root-user.nix
@@ -11,7 +13,5 @@
     ./sops.nix
     ./sshd.nix
     ./vault-secrets.nix
-
-    ../modules/homelab
   ];
 }

system/homelab-deploy.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{ config, lib, ... }:
+
+let
+  hostCfg = config.homelab.host;
+in
+{
+  config = lib.mkIf config.homelab.deploy.enable {
+    # Fetch listener NKey from Vault
+    vault.secrets.homelab-deploy-nkey = {
+      secretPath = "shared/homelab-deploy/listener-nkey";
+      extractKey = "nkey";
+    };
+
+    # Enable homelab-deploy listener
+    services.homelab-deploy.listener = {
+      enable = true;
+      tier = hostCfg.tier;
+      role = hostCfg.role;
+      natsUrl = "nats://nats1.home.2rjus.net:4222";
+      nkeyFile = "/run/secrets/homelab-deploy-nkey";
+      flakeUrl = "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/nixos-servers.git";
+      metrics.enable = true;
+    };
+
+    # Expose metrics for Prometheus scraping
+    homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [{
+      job_name = "homelab-deploy";
+      port = 9972;
+    }];
+
+    # Ensure listener starts after vault secret is available
+    systemd.services.homelab-deploy-listener = {
+      after = [ "vault-secret-homelab-deploy-nkey.service" ];
+      requires = [ "vault-secret-homelab-deploy-nkey.service" ];
+    };
+  };
+}

system/monitoring/metrics.nix

@@ -9,4 +9,30 @@
       "processes"
     ];
   };
+
+  services.prometheus.exporters.systemd = {
+    enable = true;
+    # Default port: 9558
+    extraFlags = [
+      "--systemd.collector.enable-restart-count"
+      "--systemd.collector.enable-ip-accounting"
+    ];
+  };
+
+  services.prometheus.exporters.nixos = {
+    enable = true;
+    # Default port: 9971
+    flake = {
+      enable = true;
+      url = "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/nixos-servers.git";
+    };
+  };
+
+  # Register nixos-exporter as a Prometheus scrape target
+  homelab.monitoring.scrapeTargets = [
+    {
+      job_name = "nixos-exporter";
+      port = 9971;
+    }
+  ];
 }

system/motd.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{ config, lib, self, ... }:
+
+let
+  hostname = config.networking.hostName;
+  domain = config.networking.domain or "";
+  fqdn = if domain != "" then "${hostname}.${domain}" else hostname;
+
+  # Get commit hash (handles both clean and dirty trees)
+  shortRev = self.shortRev or self.dirtyShortRev or "unknown";
+
+  # Format timestamp from lastModified (Unix timestamp)
+  # lastModifiedDate is in format "YYYYMMDDHHMMSS"
+  dateStr = self.sourceInfo.lastModifiedDate or "unknown";
+  formattedDate = if dateStr != "unknown" then
+    "${builtins.substring 0 4 dateStr}-${builtins.substring 4 2 dateStr}-${builtins.substring 6 2 dateStr} ${builtins.substring 8 2 dateStr}:${builtins.substring 10 2 dateStr} UTC"
+  else
+    "unknown";
+
+  banner = ''
+    ####################################
+     ${fqdn}
+     Commit: ${shortRev} (${formattedDate})
+    ####################################
+  '';
+in
+{
+  users.motd = lib.mkDefault banner;
+}

system/nix.nix

@@ -1,8 +1,29 @@
-{ lib, ... }:
+{ lib, pkgs, ... }:
+let
+  nixos-rebuild-test = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+    name = "nixos-rebuild-test";
+    runtimeInputs = [ pkgs.nixos-rebuild ];
+    text = ''
+      if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
+        echo "Usage: nixos-rebuild-test <action> <branch>"
+        echo "Example: nixos-rebuild-test boot my-feature-branch"
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      action="$1"
+      branch="$2"
+      shift 2
+
+      exec nixos-rebuild "$action" --flake "git+https://git.t-juice.club/torjus/nixos-servers.git?ref=$branch" "$@"
+    '';
+  };
+in
 {
+  environment.systemPackages = [ nixos-rebuild-test ];
   nix = {
     gc = {
       automatic = true;
+      options = "--delete-older-than 14d";
     };
 
     optimise = {

system/root-user.nix

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-{ pkgs, config, ... }: {
+{ pkgs, config, ... }:
+{
   programs.zsh.enable = true;
-  sops.secrets.root_password_hash = { };
-  sops.secrets.root_password_hash.neededForUsers = true;
 
   users.users.root = {
     shell = pkgs.zsh;
-    hashedPasswordFile = config.sops.secrets.root_password_hash.path;
+    hashedPassword = "$y$j9T$N09APWqKc4//z9BoGyzSb0$3dMUzojSmo3/10nbIfShd6/IpaYoKdI21bfbWER3jl8";
     openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [
       "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIAwfb2jpKrBnCw28aevnH8HbE5YbcMXpdaVv2KmueDu6 torjus@gunter"
     ];

system/vault-secrets.nix

@@ -8,6 +8,48 @@ let
   # Import vault-fetch package
   vault-fetch = pkgs.callPackage ../scripts/vault-fetch { };
 
+  # Helper to create fetch scripts using writeShellApplication
+  mkFetchScript = name: secretCfg: pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+    name = "fetch-${name}";
+    runtimeInputs = [ vault-fetch ];
+    text = ''
+      # Set Vault environment variables
+      export VAULT_ADDR="${cfg.vaultAddress}"
+      export VAULT_SKIP_VERIFY="${if cfg.skipTlsVerify then "1" else "0"}"
+    '' + (if secretCfg.extractKey != null then ''
+      # Fetch to temporary directory, then extract single key
+      TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
+      trap 'rm -rf $TMPDIR' EXIT
+
+      vault-fetch \
+        "${secretCfg.secretPath}" \
+        "$TMPDIR" \
+        "${secretCfg.cacheDir}"
+
+      # Extract the specified key and write as a single file
+      if [ ! -f "$TMPDIR/${secretCfg.extractKey}" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Key '${secretCfg.extractKey}' not found in secret" >&2
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      # Ensure parent directory exists
+      mkdir -p "$(dirname "${secretCfg.outputDir}")"
+      cp "$TMPDIR/${secretCfg.extractKey}" "${secretCfg.outputDir}"
+      chown ${secretCfg.owner}:${secretCfg.group} "${secretCfg.outputDir}"
+      chmod ${secretCfg.mode} "${secretCfg.outputDir}"
+    '' else ''
+      # Fetch secret as directory of files
+      vault-fetch \
+        "${secretCfg.secretPath}" \
+        "${secretCfg.outputDir}" \
+        "${secretCfg.cacheDir}"
+
+      # Set ownership and permissions
+      chown -R ${secretCfg.owner}:${secretCfg.group} "${secretCfg.outputDir}"
+      chmod ${secretCfg.mode} "${secretCfg.outputDir}"/*
+    '');
+  };
+
   # Secret configuration type
   secretType = types.submodule ({ name, config, ... }: {
     options = {
@@ -73,6 +115,16 @@ let
         '';
       };
 
+      extractKey = mkOption {
+        type = types.nullOr types.str;
+        default = null;
+        description = ''
+          Extract a single key from the vault secret JSON and write it as a
+          plain file instead of a directory of files. When set, outputDir
+          becomes a file path rather than a directory path.
+        '';
+      };
+
       services = mkOption {
         type = types.listOf types.str;
         default = [];
@@ -152,23 +204,7 @@ in
           RemainAfterExit = true;
 
           # Fetch the secret
-          ExecStart = pkgs.writeShellScript "fetch-${name}" ''
-            set -euo pipefail
-
-            # Set Vault environment variables
-            export VAULT_ADDR="${cfg.vaultAddress}"
-            export VAULT_SKIP_VERIFY="${if cfg.skipTlsVerify then "1" else "0"}"
-
-            # Fetch secret using vault-fetch
-            ${vault-fetch}/bin/vault-fetch \
-              "${secretCfg.secretPath}" \
-              "${secretCfg.outputDir}" \
-              "${secretCfg.cacheDir}"
-
-            # Set ownership and permissions
-            chown -R ${secretCfg.owner}:${secretCfg.group} "${secretCfg.outputDir}"
-            chmod ${secretCfg.mode} "${secretCfg.outputDir}"/*
-          '';
+          ExecStart = lib.getExe (mkFetchScript name secretCfg);
 
           # Logging
           StandardOutput = "journal";
@@ -216,7 +252,10 @@ in
       [ "d /run/secrets 0755 root root -" ] ++
       [ "d /var/lib/vault/cache 0700 root root -" ] ++
       flatten (mapAttrsToList (name: secretCfg: [
-        "d ${secretCfg.outputDir} 0755 root root -"
+        # When extractKey is set, outputDir is a file path - create parent dir instead
+        (if secretCfg.extractKey != null
+         then "d ${dirOf secretCfg.outputDir} 0755 root root -"
+         else "d ${secretCfg.outputDir} 0755 root root -")
         "d ${secretCfg.cacheDir} 0700 root root -"
       ]) cfg.secrets);
   };

terraform/vault/approle.tf

@@ -4,6 +4,17 @@ resource "vault_auth_backend" "approle" {
   path = "approle"
 }
 
+# Shared policy for homelab-deploy (all hosts need this for NATS-based deployments)
+resource "vault_policy" "homelab_deploy" {
+  name = "homelab-deploy"
+
+  policy = <<EOT
+path "secret/data/shared/homelab-deploy/*" {
+  capabilities = ["read", "list"]
+}
+EOT
+}
+
 # Define host access policies
 locals {
   host_policies = {
@@ -15,6 +26,7 @@ locals {
     #     "secret/data/services/grafana/*",
     #     "secret/data/shared/smtp/*"
     #   ]
+    #   extra_policies = ["some-other-policy"]  # Optional: additional policies
     # }
 
     # Example: ha1 host
@@ -25,19 +37,70 @@ locals {
     #   ]
     # }
 
-    # TODO: actually use this policy
     "ha1" = {
       paths = [
         "secret/data/hosts/ha1/*",
+        "secret/data/shared/backup/*",
       ]
     }
 
-    # TODO: actually use this policy
     "monitoring01" = {
       paths = [
         "secret/data/hosts/monitoring01/*",
+        "secret/data/shared/backup/*",
+        "secret/data/shared/nats/*",
+      ]
+      extra_policies = ["prometheus-metrics"]
+    }
+
+    # Wave 1: hosts with no service secrets (only need vault.enable for future use)
+    "nats1" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/nats1/*",
       ]
     }
+
+    "jelly01" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/jelly01/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    "pgdb1" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/pgdb1/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    # Wave 3: DNS servers
+    "ns1" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/ns1/*",
+        "secret/data/shared/dns/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    "ns2" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/ns2/*",
+        "secret/data/shared/dns/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    # Wave 4: http-proxy
+    "http-proxy" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/http-proxy/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
+    # Wave 5: nix-cache01
+    "nix-cache01" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/nix-cache01/*",
+      ]
+    }
+
   }
 }
 
@@ -62,7 +125,10 @@ resource "vault_approle_auth_backend_role" "hosts" {
 
   backend   = vault_auth_backend.approle.path
   role_name = each.key
-  token_policies = ["${each.key}-policy"]
+  token_policies = concat(
+    ["${each.key}-policy", "homelab-deploy"],
+    lookup(each.value, "extra_policies", [])
+  )
 
   # Token configuration
   token_ttl     = 3600  # 1 hour

terraform/vault/hosts-generated.tf

@@ -5,9 +5,19 @@
 # Each host gets access to its own secrets under hosts/<hostname>/*
 locals {
   generated_host_policies = {
-    "vaulttest01" = {
+    "testvm01" = {
       paths = [
-        "secret/data/hosts/vaulttest01/*",
+        "secret/data/hosts/testvm01/*",
+      ]
+    }
+    "testvm02" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/testvm02/*",
+      ]
+    }
+    "testvm03" = {
+      paths = [
+        "secret/data/hosts/testvm03/*",
       ]
     }
   
@@ -40,7 +50,7 @@ resource "vault_approle_auth_backend_role" "generated_hosts" {
 
   backend            = vault_auth_backend.approle.path
   role_name          = each.key
-  token_policies     = ["host-${each.key}"]
+  token_policies     = ["host-${each.key}", "homelab-deploy"]
   secret_id_ttl      = 0 # Never expire (wrapped tokens provide time limit)
   token_ttl          = 3600
   token_max_ttl      = 3600

terraform/vault/policies.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Generic policies for services (not host-specific)
+
+resource "vault_policy" "prometheus_metrics" {
+  name   = "prometheus-metrics"
+  policy = <<EOT
+path "sys/metrics" {
+  capabilities = ["read"]
+}
+EOT
+}

terraform/vault/secrets.tf

@@ -35,22 +35,73 @@ locals {
     #   }
     # }
 
-    # TODO: actually use the secret
     "hosts/monitoring01/grafana-admin" = {
       auto_generate   = true
       password_length = 32
     }
 
-    # TODO: actually use the secret
     "hosts/ha1/mqtt-password" = {
       auto_generate   = true
       password_length = 24
     }
-    # TODO: Remove after testing
-    "hosts/vaulttest01/test-service" = {
+
+    # Shared backup password (auto-generated, add alongside existing restic key)
+    "shared/backup/password" = {
       auto_generate   = true
       password_length = 32
     }
+
+    # NATS NKey for alerttonotify
+    "shared/nats/nkey" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { nkey = var.nats_nkey }
+    }
+
+    # PVE exporter config for monitoring01
+    "hosts/monitoring01/pve-exporter" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { config = var.pve_exporter_config }
+    }
+
+    # DNS zone transfer key
+    "shared/dns/xfer-key" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { key = var.ns_xfer_key }
+    }
+
+    # WireGuard private key for http-proxy
+    "hosts/http-proxy/wireguard" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { private_key = var.wireguard_private_key }
+    }
+
+    # Nix cache signing key
+    "hosts/nix-cache01/cache-secret" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { key = var.cache_signing_key }
+    }
+
+    # Gitea Actions runner token
+    "hosts/nix-cache01/actions-token" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { token = var.actions_token_1 }
+    }
+
+    # Homelab-deploy NKeys
+    "shared/homelab-deploy/listener-nkey" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { nkey = var.homelab_deploy_listener_nkey }
+    }
+
+    "shared/homelab-deploy/test-deployer-nkey" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { nkey = var.homelab_deploy_test_deployer_nkey }
+    }
+
+    "shared/homelab-deploy/admin-deployer-nkey" = {
+      auto_generate = false
+      data          = { nkey = var.homelab_deploy_admin_deployer_nkey }
+    }
   }
 }
 

terraform/vault/variables.tf

@@ -16,11 +16,60 @@ variable "vault_skip_tls_verify" {
   default     = true
 }
 
-# Example variables for manual secrets
-# Uncomment and add to terraform.tfvars as needed
+variable "nats_nkey" {
+  description = "NATS NKey for alerttonotify"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "pve_exporter_config" {
+  description = "PVE exporter YAML configuration"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "ns_xfer_key" {
+  description = "DNS zone transfer TSIG key"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "wireguard_private_key" {
+  description = "WireGuard private key for http-proxy"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "cache_signing_key" {
+  description = "Nix binary cache signing key"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "actions_token_1" {
+  description = "Gitea Actions runner token"
+  type        = string
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "homelab_deploy_listener_nkey" {
+  description = "NKey seed for homelab-deploy listeners"
+  type        = string
+  default     = "PLACEHOLDER"
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "homelab_deploy_test_deployer_nkey" {
+  description = "NKey seed for test-tier deployer"
+  type        = string
+  default     = "PLACEHOLDER"
+  sensitive   = true
+}
+
+variable "homelab_deploy_admin_deployer_nkey" {
+  description = "NKey seed for admin deployer"
+  type        = string
+  default     = "PLACEHOLDER"
+  sensitive   = true
+}
 
-# variable "smtp_password" {
-#   description = "SMTP password for notifications"
-#   type        = string
-#   sensitive   = true
-# }

terraform/vms.tf

@@ -31,13 +31,6 @@ locals {
     # Example Minimal VM using all defaults (uncomment to deploy):
     # "minimal-vm" = {}
     # "bootstrap-verify-test" = {}
-    "testvm01" = {
-      ip           = "10.69.13.101/24"
-      cpu_cores    = 2
-      memory       = 2048
-      disk_size    = "20G"
-      flake_branch = "pipeline-testing-improvements"
-    }
     "vault01" = {
       ip           = "10.69.13.19/24"
       cpu_cores    = 2
@@ -45,13 +38,29 @@ locals {
       disk_size    = "20G"
       flake_branch = "vault-setup" # Bootstrap from this branch instead of master
     }
-    "vaulttest01" = {
-      ip                  = "10.69.13.150/24"
+    "testvm01" = {
+      ip                  = "10.69.13.20/24"
       cpu_cores           = 2
       memory              = 2048
       disk_size           = "20G"
-      flake_branch        = "pki-migration"
-      vault_wrapped_token = "s.UCpQCOp7cOKDdtGGBvfRWwAt"
+      flake_branch        = "deploy-test-hosts"
+      vault_wrapped_token = "s.YRGRpAZVVtSYEa3wOYOqFmjt"
+    }
+    "testvm02" = {
+      ip                  = "10.69.13.21/24"
+      cpu_cores           = 2
+      memory              = 2048
+      disk_size           = "20G"
+      flake_branch        = "deploy-test-hosts"
+      vault_wrapped_token = "s.tvs8yhJOkLjBs548STs6DBw7"
+    }
+    "testvm03" = {
+      ip                  = "10.69.13.22/24"
+      cpu_cores           = 2
+      memory              = 2048
+      disk_size           = "20G"
+      flake_branch        = "deploy-test-hosts"
+      vault_wrapped_token = "s.sQ80FZGeG3z6jgrsuh74IopC"
     }
   }